{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:48:46Z","timestamp":1777704526564,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532649600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Software testing contributes a strategic role in software development, as it underrates the cost of software development. Software testing can be categorized as: testing via code or white box testing, testing via specification or black box and testing via UML models. To minimize the issues associated with object-oriented software testing, testing via UML models is used. It is a procedure which derives test paths from a Unified Modelling Language (UML) model which describes the functional aspects of Software Under Test (SUT). Thus, test cases have been produced in the design phase itself, which then reduces the corresponding cost and effort of software development. This early discovery of faults makes the life of software developer much easier. Also, there is a strong need to optimize the generated test cases. The main goal of optimization is to spawn reduced and unique test cases. To accomplish the same, in this research, a nature-inspired meta-heuristic, Moth Flame Optimization Algorithm has been offered for model based testing of software based on object orientation. Also, the generated test cases have been compared with already explored meta-heuristics, namely, Firefly Algorithm and Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm. The outcomes infer that for large object-oriented software application, Moth Flame Optimization Algorithm creates optimized test cases as equated to other algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-169804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]],"date-time":"2018-07-31T18:10:16Z","timestamp":1533060616000},"page":"5203-5215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Optimal test sequence generation in state based testing using moth flame optimization algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USICT, GGSIPU, Dwarka, New-Delhi, India"}]},{"given":"Anju","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USICT, GGSIPU, Dwarka, New-Delhi, India"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"MathurA.P. Foundations of Software Testing 1st. ed. Addison-Wesley Professional 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","unstructured":"EpiskoposD.C. LiJ.J. YeeH.S. and WeissD.M. Prioritize code for testing to improve code coverage of complex software 2011 us Patent 7 886 272."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","unstructured":"Wirfs-BrockR. WilkersonB. and WienerL. Designing object-oriented software 1990."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","unstructured":"WaldenK. and NersonJ.M. Seamless object-oriented software architecture: Analysis and design of reliable systems Prentice-Hall 1995."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5381\/jot.2006.5.2.a3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2010.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","first-page":"22","article-title":"Testing object-oriented systems: A status report","volume":"7","author":"Binder R.V.","year":"1994","unstructured":"BinderR.V., Testing object-oriented systems: A status report, American Programmer7 (1994), 22\u201322.","journal-title":"American Programmer"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","volume-title":"Open issues and research di-rections in object-oriented testing","author":"Orso A.","year":"1998","unstructured":"OrsoA. and SilvaS., Open issues and research di-rections in object-oriented testing, in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Achieving Quality in Software: Software Quality in the Communication Society, 1998."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/226239.226256"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/192218.192221"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stvr.238"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1068009.1068187"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2025113.2025179"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WapplerS. and WegenerJ. Evolutionary unit testing of object-oriented software using a hybrid evolutionary algorithm in Evolutionary Computation 2006. CEC 2006. IEEE Congress on. IEEE 2006 pp. 851\u2013858.","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2006.1688400"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","unstructured":"YangX.S. Nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms. Luniver press 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSEA.2007.70"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"International Conference on Computational Intelligence","author":"Li H.","year":"2004","unstructured":"LiH. and LamC.P., Software test data generation using ant colony optimisation, in International Conference on Computational Intelligence, 2004, pp. 1\u20134."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02522667.2017.1372135"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app6010020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","first-page":"722","volume-title":"Software Engineering, 2005. ICSE 2005. Proceedings 27th International Conference on IEEE","author":"Pretschner A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"PretschnerA., Model-based testing, in Software Engineering, 2005. ICSE 2005. Proceedings 27th International Conference on IEEE, 2005, pp. 722\u2013723."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcs.2008.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stvr.456"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21681015.2016.1192068"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2016.06.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5381\/jot.2010.9.5.a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","article-title":"Nature-inspired techniques for conformance testing of object-oriented software","author":"Bouchachia A.","unstructured":"BouchachiaA., MittermeirR., SieleckyP., StafiejS. and ZieminskiM., Nature-inspired techniques for conformance testing of object-oriented software, Applied Soft Computing.","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jaec.2012070102"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","first-page":"255","volume-title":"Quality Software, 2005. (QSIC 2005). Fifth International Conference on. IEEE","author":"Li H.","year":"2005","unstructured":"LiH. and LamC.P., An ant colony optimization approach to test sequence generation for state based software testing, in Quality Software, 2005. (QSIC 2005). Fifth International Conference on. IEEE, 2005, pp. 255\u2013262."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISED.2010.52"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1953355.1953374"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SrivastavaP.R. KhandelwalR. KhandelwalS. KumarS. and Santebennur RanganathaS. Automated test data generation using cuckoo search and tabu search (csts) algorithm 2012.","DOI":"10.1515\/jisys-2012-0009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2012.01.851"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","author":"Sharma C.","year":"2014","unstructured":"SharmaC., SabharwalS. and SibalR., Applying genetic algorithm for prioritization of test case scenarios derived from uml diagrams, arXiv preprint:1410.4838, 2014.","journal-title":"Applying genetic algorithm for prioritization of test case scenarios derived from uml diagrams"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1068009.1068182"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1013886.1007528"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","first-page":"147","author":"Doungsa-ard C.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Doungsa-ardC., DahalK., HossainA. and SuwannasartT., Ga-based automatic test data generation for uml state diagrams with parallel paths, Advanced Design and Manufacture to Gain a Competitive Edge, 2008, pp. 147\u2013156.","journal-title":"Ga-based automatic test data generation for uml state diagrams with parallel paths, Advanced Design and Manufacture to Gain a Competitive Edge"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNC.2008.388"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04944-6_14"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.484436"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","first-page":"134","volume-title":"European conference on artificial life","volume":"142","author":"Colorni A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"ColorniA., DorigoM., ManiezzoV., Distributed optimization by ant colonies, European conference on artificial life, vol. 142France, Paris, 1991, pp. 134\u2013142."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","author":"Kamal M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"KamalM., Brailletotexttranslator, https:\/\/github.com\/MinhasKamal\/BrailleToTextTranslator, 2013.","journal-title":"Brailletotexttranslator"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","unstructured":"ShlaerS. and MellorS.J. Object lifecycles: Modeling the world in states. Yourdon Press 1992."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2012.08.003"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-169804","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JIFS-169804","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-169804","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:41:24Z","timestamp":1777455684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JIFS-169804"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JIFS-169804"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-169804","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]]}}}