{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:40:35Z","timestamp":1777704035314,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,21]],"date-time":"2017-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper novel measuring distances (Minkowski distances) between intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) are given by a detailed analysis of the distance measures for IFSs proposed in the past. In the new method, the membership degree and non-membership degree are introduced into the distances between IFSs, while the assignments of the hesitancy degree to membership degree and non-membership degree are also considered, which is consistent with human cognition. The advantage of the novel distance measures are compared in depth by artificial intuitionistic fuzzy sets presented in literature. Finally, we demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed distance measures based on the pattern recognition problems and medical diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-17276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,21]],"date-time":"2017-07-21T11:09:48Z","timestamp":1500635388000},"page":"1563-1575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Improvement of the distance between intuitionistic fuzzy sets and its applications"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Changlin","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Information Science, Beifang University of Nationalities, Yinchuan, China"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(86)80034-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(89)90215-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7908-1870-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/21.229476"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(95)00154-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2007.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2006.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2010.2041000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2012.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2014.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"2019","article-title":"Vague set method of multi-criteria fuzzy decision making","volume":"30","author":"Xu C.L.","year":"2011","unstructured":"XuC.L. and WeiL.L., Vague set method of multi-criteria fuzzy decision making, Syst Eng Theory & Practice 30 (2011), 2019\u20132025.","journal-title":"Syst Eng Theory & Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"164","article-title":"Grey relational analysis method for intuitionistic fuzzy multiple attribute decision making with preference information on alternatives","volume":"4","author":"Wei G.W.","year":"2011","unstructured":"WeiG.W., WangH.J., LinR. and ZhaoX.F., Grey relational analysis method for intuitionistic fuzzy multiple attribute decision making with preference information on alternatives, Int J Comput Intell Syst 4(2) (2011), 164\u2013173.","journal-title":"Int J Comput Intell Syst"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-009-0276-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.08.108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A novel distance between vague sets and its applications in decision making","author":"Deng W.B.","year":"2014","unstructured":"DengW.B., XuC.L., LiuJ. and HuF., A novel distance between vague sets and its applications in decision making, Math Probl Eng (2014), 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Math Probl Eng"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2014.10.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","article-title":"An approach to interval-valued intuitionistic stochastic multi-criteria decision-making using set pair analysis","author":"Cao Y.X.","unstructured":"CaoY.X., ZhouH. and WangJ.Q., An approach to interval-valued intuitionistic stochastic multi-criteria decision-making using set pair analysis, Int J Mach Learn & Cyber. DOI: 10.1007\/s13042-016-0589-9","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn & Cyber"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.2016.41"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/KES-170354"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-015-0459-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microrel.2006.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00110-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2004.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2007.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/int.21529"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2013.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2014.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2013.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2013.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2014.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"An extended TODIM approach with intuitionistic linguistic numbers","author":"Yu S.M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"YuS.M., WangJ. and WangJ.Q., An extended TODIM approach with intuitionistic linguistic numbers, Intl Trans in Op Res (2016), 1\u201325.","journal-title":"Intl Trans in Op Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-16644"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","article-title":"2-tuple linguistic intuitionistic preference relation and its application in sustainable location planning voting system","author":"Nie R.X.","unstructured":"NieR.X., WangJ.Q. and LiL., 2-tuple linguistic intuitionistic preference relation and its application in sustainable location planning voting system, J Intell & Fuzzy Syst, DOI: 10.3233\/JIFS-162139","journal-title":"J Intell & Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"235","article-title":"Characteristics of investors\u2019 risk preference for stock markets","volume":"48","author":"Wen F.H.","year":"2014","unstructured":"WenF.H., HeZ.F., DaiZ.F. and YangX.G., Characteristics of investors\u2019 risk preference for stock markets, Econ Comput Econ Cyb 48(3) (2014), 235\u2013254.","journal-title":"Econ Comput Econ Cyb"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2015.08.014"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","first-page":"237","article-title":"Worse-case conditional value-at-risk for asymmetrically distributed asset scenarios returns","volume":"20","author":"Dai Z.F.","year":"2016","unstructured":"DaiZ.F., LiD.H. and WenF.H., Worse-case conditional value-at-risk for asymmetrically distributed asset scenarios returns, J Comput Anal Appl 20(2) (2016), 237\u2013251.","journal-title":"J Comput Anal Appl"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(98)00244-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2003.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcm.2005.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2005.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2007.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2012.01.199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","first-page":"157","article-title":"Distance and similarity between intuitionistc fuzzy sets","author":"Luo D.R.","year":"2013","unstructured":"LuoD.R. and XiaoJ.H., Distance and similarity between intuitionistc fuzzy sets, In Proc of the Int Conf MAE 2013, 2013, pp. 157\u2013160.","journal-title":"Proc of the Int Conf MAE 2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(94)00339-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.552198"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-0255(98)10083-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2005.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2006.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-71441-5_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcm.2010.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33478-8_36"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00169-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","volume-title":"Multistage Fuzzy Control","author":"Kacprzyk J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"KacprzykJ., Multistage Fuzzy Control. Wiley, Chichester, 1997."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2006.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45718-6_30"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45493-4_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","first-page":"388","volume":"3070","author":"Szmidt E.","year":"2004","unstructured":"SzmidtE. and KacprzykJ., A similarity measure for intuitionistic fuzzy sets and its application in supporting medical diagnostic reasoning. In RutkowskiL., SiekmannJ.H., TadeusiewiczR. and ZadehL.A., editors, ICAISC 2004 volume LNAI 3070 Berlin Heidelberg, Springer\u2013Verlag, 2004, pp. 388\u2013393.","journal-title":"ICAISC 2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","first-page":"1405","article-title":"Similarity of intuitionistic fuzzy sets and the jaccard coefficient","author":"Szmidt E.","year":"2004","unstructured":"SzmidtE. and KacprzykJ., Similarity of intuitionistic fuzzy sets and the jaccard coefficient. In Proc of the 10th Int Conf IPMU 2004, 2004, pp. 1405\u20131412.","journal-title":"Proc of the 10th Int Conf IPMU 2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(98)00235-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-17276","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JIFS-17276","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-17276","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:40:15Z","timestamp":1777455615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JIFS-17276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,21]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JIFS-17276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-17276","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,21]]}}}