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After a discussion on the disadvantages of the traditional architecture used to deploy intelligent systems, the KREM architecture (Knowledge, Rules, Experience, Meta-Knowledge) is presented. The novelty of the proposal comes from the inclusion of the capitalisation of experience and the use of meta-knowledge in the traditional architecture previously discussed. KREM improves the efficiency of traditional intelligent systems by allowing incomplete expert knowledge models to be used, gradually completing them, learning with experience. In addition, the use of meta-knowledge can guide their execution more effectively. This framework has been successfully used in various projects in different application areas, which are presented and discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-179327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T14:00:36Z","timestamp":1562940036000},"page":"7141-7153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Building collective intelligence through experience: a survey on the use of the KREM model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Zanni-Merk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Normandie Universit\u00e9, INSA Rouen, LITIS, Avenue de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, Saint-\u00c9tienne-du-Rouvray cedex, France"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Szczerbicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Management and Economics, The Technical University of Gdansk, Narutowicza 11\/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AIC-1994-7104"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","unstructured":"AbowdG.D. 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