{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:36:04Z","timestamp":1777703764843,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\u00a0Knowledge representation is one of the most explored areas in nowadays computer science research. In this paper authors pursue definition and semantics of semantic networks that are defined as part of Semantic Knowledge Base being a hybrid knowledge oriented system. The approach presented in here aims at introducing advanced properties of networks such as cardinality, partitioning or certainty at the same time using simple structure based on two operands and operators. Following paper is an extension of a conference publication that introduced advanced aspects of semantic networks modelling with the use of Association-Oriented Metamodel. The extension includes a discussion related to the formal description of the structure, as well as the description and use of association-oriented design patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-179353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T12:17:21Z","timestamp":1564748241000},"page":"7453-7464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Defining semantic networks using association-oriented metamodel"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Marcin","family":"Jod\u0142owiec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science and Management, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Kr\u00f3tkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science and Management, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krystian","family":"Wojtkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science and Management, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"BrachmanR.J. LevesqueH.J. and ReiterR. Knowledge representation MIT Press 1992."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"295","article-title":"Recursive database structures","volume":"21","author":"Brandon D.","year":"2005","unstructured":"BrandonD., Recursive database structures, J Comput Sci Coll 21(2) (2005), 295\u2013304.","journal-title":"J Comput Sci Coll"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-96868-6_172"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Universal networking language: Advances in theory and applications","volume":"12","author":"Carde\u00f1osa J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carde\u00f1osaJ., GelbukhA. and TovarE., Universal networking language: Advances in theory and applications, Research on Computer Science 12 (2005), 1\u2013443.","journal-title":"Research on Computer Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(69)80069-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","first-page":"13:1","volume-title":"In Proceedings of the Mulitimedia, Interaction, Design and Innnovation, MIDI 2015","author":"Dudycz H.","year":"2015","unstructured":"DudyczH., Usability of business information semantic network search visualization. In Proceedings of the Mulitimedia, Interaction, Design and Innnovation, MIDI 2015, Warsaw, Poland, 2015, pp. 13:1\u201313:9."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Multilayered extended semantic networks as a language for meaning representation in NLP systems","author":"Helbig H.","year":"2002","unstructured":"HelbigH. and Gn\u00f6rlichC., Multilayered extended semantic networks as a language for meaning representation in NLP systems, Intelligent Information and Communication Systems (2002), 11\u201328.","journal-title":"Intelligent Information and Communication Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-256380-5.50008-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","first-page":"633","volume-title":"In Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence \u2013 Volume 1, AAAI\u201990","author":"Horty J.F.","year":"1990","unstructured":"HortyJ.F. and ThomasonR.H., Boolean extensions of inheritance networks, In Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence \u2013 Volume 1, AAAI\u201990, AAAI Press, 1990, pp. 633\u2013639."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JodlowiecM. Complex relationships modeling in association-oriented database metamodel In Intelligent Information and Database Systems \u2013 10th Asian Conference ACIIDS 2018 Dong Hoi City Vietnam Proceedings Part II 2018 pp. 46\u201356.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-75420-8_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218194017500103"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cyclic value ranges model for specifying flowing resources in unified process metamodel","author":"Kr\u00f3tkiewicz M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kr\u00f3tkiewiczM., Cyclic value ranges model for specifying flowing resources in unified process metamodel, Enterprise Information Systems (2018), 1\u201323.","journal-title":"Enterprise Information Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","article-title":"Modeling Autoreferential Relationships in Association-Oriented Database Metamodel","author":"Kr\u00f3tkiewicz M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kr\u00f3tkiewiczM. and Jod\u0142owiecM., Modeling Autoreferential Relationships in Association-Oriented Database Metamodel. In 38th International Conference Information Systems Architecture and Technology (ISAT 2017), 2017.","journal-title":"38th International Conference Information Systems Architecture and Technology (ISAT 2017)"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ENIC.2016.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kr\u00f3tkiewiczM. JodlowiecM. and WojtkiewiczK. Semantic networks modeling with operand-operator structures in association-oriented metamodel In Computational Collective Intelligence \u2013 9th International Conference ICCCI 2017 Nicosia Cyprus Proceedings Part I 2017 pp. 24\u201333.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67074-4_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kr\u00f3tkiewiczM. and WojtkiewiczK. An introduction to Ontology Based Structured Knowledge Base System: Knowledge Acquisition Module In Intelligent Information and Database Systems \u2013 5th Asian Conference ACIIDS 2013 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Proceedings Part I Sopot Poland 2013. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-36546-1_51"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10849-014-9195-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kr\u00f3tkiewiczM. WojtkiewiczK. Jod\u0142owiecM. and HunekW.P. Modeling of Unified Process Metamodel Structure in Association-Oriented Database Metamodel: Flowing Resources and Transformation In 2017 IEEE International Conference on INnovations in Intelligent SysTems and Applications (INISTA 2017) 2017.","DOI":"10.1109\/INISTA.2017.8001168"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kr\u00f3tkiewiczM. WojtkiewiczK. Jod\u0142owiec M. and PokutaW. Semantic Knowledge Base: Quantifiers and Multiplicity in Extended Semantic Networks Module Springer International Publishing Cham 2016 pp. 173\u2013187.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45880-9_14"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","article-title":"Formal definition and modelling language of association-oriented database metamodel (AssoBase)","author":"Kr\u00f3tkiewicz M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kr\u00f3tkiewiczM., Formal definition and modelling language of association-oriented database metamodel (AssoBase), Vietnam Journal of Computer Science (2018).","journal-title":"Vietnam Journal of Computer Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/CSIS170630046K"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12145-6_14"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","article-title":"Data Abstraction and Hierarchy","author":"Barbara L.","year":"1988","unstructured":"BarbaraL., Data Abstraction and Hierarchy, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, 1988.","journal-title":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/363196.363214"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","first-page":"1140","article-title":"The tractability of pathbased inheritance","author":"Selman B.","year":"1989","unstructured":"SelmanB. and LevesqueH.J., The tractability of pathbased inheritance. In IJCAI, Citeseer, 1989, pp. 1140\u20131145 .","journal-title":"IJCAI, Citeseer"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2006.62"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","first-page":"510","article-title":"An introduction to SNePS 3","volume":"1867","author":"Shapiro S.C.","year":"2000","unstructured":"ShapiroS.C., An introduction to SNePS 3, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 1867 (2000), 510\u2013524.","journal-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1574-6526(07)03005-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","article-title":"Principles of semantic networks: Explorations in the representation of knowledge","author":"Sowa J.F.","year":"2014","unstructured":"SowaJ.F., Principles of semantic networks: Explorations in the representation of knowledge, Morgan Kaufmann (2014).","journal-title":"Morgan Kaufmann"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","article-title":"On the declarative semantics of inheritance networks","author":"Thirunarayan K.","year":"1989","unstructured":"ThirunarayanK., KiferM. and WarrenD.S., On the declarative semantics of inheritance networks, In IJCAI, 1989.","journal-title":"IJCAI"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-179353","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JIFS-179353","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-179353","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:39:32Z","timestamp":1777455572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JIFS-179353"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ngoc Thanh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Szczerbicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Trawi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Van Du","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JIFS-179353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-179353","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]]}}}