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A primary malignant tumor resection system based on a virtual reality (VR) helmet and a force-feedback device combined with a 3D printing model is proposed in this paper. First, we used the thin-plate spline (TPS) deformation method to register the different phase images. In the case of a metastatic tumor, a spherical scoring filter (SSF) model was built for searching the tumor pattern with edge detection and subtraction processing, from which the initial tumors were selected on the basis of the calculated score. For hepatocellular carcinoma cases, candidates were extracted as the areas without edges by using edge detection filters on the subtraction image between the equilibrium and arterial phase images. Finally, the false positive (FP) candidate was eliminated before obtaining the 3D shape of the liver tumor in the expansion process, thus providing an accurate volume of lesions for the surgical plan for the liver resection. The results showed that our virtual surgery system enabled the user to simulate the use of a scalpel for cutting and removing the organ labels; 3D display on a VR helmet with a deformable effect; and touching organs with a force-feedback device. Our virtual surgery tools could simulate all of the effects of the doctors\u2019 operations and make clinical practice more efficient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-179401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T14:55:28Z","timestamp":1569336928000},"page":"263-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Virtual surgery system for liver tumor resection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Bian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Siyuan University, Xi\u2019an, Shanxi, P. R. 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