{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:48:19Z","timestamp":1777704499991,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584489600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Trail making test is a cognitive impairment test used for understanding the visual attention during the visual search task. The classical paper pencil method measures the completion time of the participant and there was no mechanism for comparison across the participant with similar feature. The psychologist has to observe the reactions of the participants during the trial process and there is no mechanism to capture it. This study made an attempt to resolve the above problem and tried to infer additional parameters which can support psychologist to understand the participant performance in trail making test. The insight provided by the approach is to extract various features which helps a psychologist by providing individual profiling and group profiling of a person and can understand the group of people who show similar cognitive impairment while performing trail Making Test. The proposed Intelligent Gaze Tracking approach could classify the participant into three different groups like low, high and medium cognitive impairment based on the extracted gaze features. The proposed approach has been compared across existing literature survey to significantly show the advantage of the system in terms of identifying the people with similar characteristics in terms of cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-179711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]],"date-time":"2020-03-20T13:43:29Z","timestamp":1584711809000},"page":"6299-6310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Intelligent gaze tracking approach for trail making test"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Jyotsna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Amudha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raghavendra","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Care Global Enterprises Ltd (HCG) Hospitals, Bengaluru, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Nayar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Care Global Enterprises Ltd (HCG) Hospitals, Bengaluru, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2019.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrleng.2015.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VenugopalD. AmudhaJ. and JyotsnaC. Developing an application using eye tracker International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics Information & Communication Technology pp. 1518\u20131522 IEEE 2016.","DOI":"10.1109\/RTEICT.2016.7808086"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/aft073"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2016.1238510"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MabuchiT. KubotaN. TakedaT. ManjiA. and MatsudaT. A writing pressure analysis method for evaluation of trail making test using smart device 2017 6th International Conference on Informatics Electronics and Vision & 2017 7th International SymposiuminComputationalMedical and Health Technology (ICIEV-ISCMHT). IEEE 2017.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIEV.2017.8338607"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JyotsnaC. and AmudhaJ. Eye Gaze as an Indicator for Stress Level Analysis in Students 2018 International Conference on Advances in Computing Communications and Informatics (ICACCI). IEEE 2018.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACCI.2018.8554715"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-013-0880-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2018.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2897966"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-169467"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2011.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ShravaniT. Ramya SaiM. Vani Shree AmudhaJ. and JyotsnaC. Assistive Communication Application for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients International Conference On Computational Vision and Bio Inspired Computing ICCVBIC 2019 (Presented).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-37218-7_147"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84061","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084061","article-title":"An eye-tracking version of the trail-making test","volume":"8","author":"Waldecker A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"WaldeckerA., TalbotK. and TurnerM.R., An eye-tracking version of the trail-making test, PloS one8(12) (2013), e84061.","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","article-title":"State-of-the-art of visualization for eye tracking data","volume":"2014","author":"Blascheck T.","year":"2014","unstructured":"BlascheckT., KurzhalsK., RaschkeM., BurchM., WeiskopfD. and ErtlT., State-of-the-art of visualization for eye tracking data, In Proceedings of EuroVis2014 (2014).","journal-title":"Proceedings of EuroVis"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-014-0550-3","article-title":"A comon of scanpath comparison methods","volume":"47","author":"Anderson N.C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"AndersonN.C., AndersonF., KingstoneA. and BischofW.F., A comon of scanpath comparison methods, Behavior research methods47(4) (2015), 1377\u20131392.","journal-title":"Behavior research methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WestJ.M. HaakeA.R. RozanskiE.P. and KarnK.S. eyePatterns: software for identifying patterns and similarities across fixation sequences. In Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications (pp. 149\u2013154). ACM 2006.","DOI":"10.1145\/1117309.1117360"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.42.3.692"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","first-page":"1564","article-title":"Analysis of fuzzy rule optimization models","volume":"7","author":"Amudha J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"AmudhaJ., RadhaD. and SmithaS., Analysis of fuzzy rule optimization models, Int J Eng Technol7(5) (2015), 1564\u20131570.","journal-title":"Int J Eng Technol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-169687"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-179711","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JIFS-179711","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-179711","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:41:21Z","timestamp":1777455681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JIFS-179711"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JIFS-179711"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-179711","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]}}}