{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:40:08Z","timestamp":1777704008871,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vehicular ad hoc networks play an important role in current intelligent transportation networks, which have attracted much attention from academia and industry. Vehicular networks can be implemented by Long-Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) networks, which have been formally defined in a series of standards by third-generation partnership projects (3GPP). Abundant challenges exist in the authentication processes in LTE-A-based vehicular networks. This paper aimed to improve the security functionality of these vehicular networks by proposing a secure and efficient group authentication and privacy-preserving scheme for vehicular networks based on fuzzy system: the group authentication and privacy-preserving level (GAPL). Compared with existing schemes, the proposed scheme can greatly reduce the number of control message transmissions from mass vehicular equipment (VEs) to the network and substantially avoid overhead in LTE-A-based vehicular networks. Privacy-preserving levels are established to protect VE privacy in authentication. Furthermore, the scheme contains security functions, including privacy preservation, non-frameability and non-repudiation verification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-179928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T13:42:12Z","timestamp":1593783732000},"page":"1547-1562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A group authentication and privacy-preserving level for vehicular networks based on fuzzy system"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Cheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"College of Robotics, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongzhe","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"College of Robotics, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenfa","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"College of Robotics, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"College of Robotics, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","article-title":"A Survey of Security Services","volume":"19","author":"Sameer S.M.","year":"2019","unstructured":"SameerS.M., JunL. and WensongW., A Survey of Security Services, Attacks, and Applications for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)19(16), 2019.","journal-title":"Attacks, and Applications for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YanG. and RawatD.B. Vehicle-to-vehicle connectivity analysis for vehicular ad-hoc networks 2016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2016.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2017.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"UbiergoG.A. and JinW.-L. Mobility and environment improvement of signalized networks through Vehicle-to-Infrastructure(V2I) communications. Transportation Research Part C 2016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2016.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2812176"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","article-title":"Unpacking 3GPP standards","volume":"27","author":"Baron J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"BaronJ. and GuptaK., Unpacking 3GPP standards, Journal of Economics & Management Strategy27(3), 2018.","journal-title":"Journal of Economics & Management Strategy"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-014-0788-9"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"441","article-title":"ID-based aggregate proxy signature scheme realizing warrant-based delegation","volume":"29","author":"Lin Y.C.","year":"2013","unstructured":"LinY.C., WuT.C. and TsaiJ.L., ID-based aggregate proxy signature scheme realizing warrant-based delegation, Journal of Information Science and Engineering29(3) (2013), 441\u2013457.","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science and Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-014-0251-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJGUC.2014.060189"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"LaiC. LiH. LuR. JiangR. and ShenX. LGTH: A lightweight group authentication protocol for machine-type communication in LTE networks. In 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) 2013 December (pp. 832-837). IEEE."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/304601"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2013.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12720\/jcm.12.11.604-610"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2018.2795381"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2871606"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2901548"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2013.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sec.1252"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2878995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-018-3743-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6251219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-016-1277-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2015.7113232"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7081072"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2018.11.012"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"2841","article-title":"A Secure and Efficient Message Authentication Scheme for Vehicular Networks based on LTE-V","volume":"12","author":"Xu C.","year":"2018","unstructured":"XuC., HuangX., MaM. and BaoH., A Secure and Efficient Message Authentication Scheme for Vehicular Networks based on LTE-V, KSII Transactions on Internet & Information Systems12(6) (2018), 2841\u20132860.","journal-title":"KSII Transactions on Internet & Information Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2016.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HoogervorstR. ZhangY. TillemG. ErkinZ. and VerwerS. Solving bin-packing problems under privacy preservation: Possibilities and trade-offs Information Sciences (2019) 500.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"XuC. LuoH. and BaoH. STEIM: A Spatiotemporal Event Interaction Model in V2X Systems Based on a Time Period and a Raster Map 2020 (2020) 1\u201320.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1375426"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2013.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"XuG. LiuJ. LuY. ZengX. ZhangY. and LiX. A novel efficient MAKA protocol with desynchronization for anonymous roaming service in Global Mobility Networks Journal of Network and Computer Applications (2018) 107.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2018.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2010.2089544"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","unstructured":"HuS.-I. Considerations in Technology and Policy Planning for Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Networks [A] IEEE (2011) 4."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","unstructured":"XiaN. Recent Advances in Machine-to-Machine Communications[A] Proceedings of 2016 Workshop 5[C] (2016) 5."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/bca.2019.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2018.11.187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChuE. YooH. and JungB.C. Resource usage of LTE networks for machine-to-Machine group communications: Modeling and analysis Computers and Electrical Engineering (2018) 71.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2018.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","unstructured":"InterDigital Technology Corporation; Patent Issued for Method And Apparatus For Measurement Reporting And Event-Triggered Periodic Measurement Reporting In An Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (USPTO 10 070 332). Computers Networks & Communications 2018."}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-179928","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JIFS-179928","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-179928","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:40:12Z","timestamp":1777455612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JIFS-179928"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JIFS-179928"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-179928","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]}}}