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This paper investigates information structures in a set-valued information system from granular computing viewpoint, i.e., information structures are viewed as granular structures. The distance between two objects in a set-valued information system is first introduced. Then, the fuzzy\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>cos<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    -equivalence relation, induced by this kind of information system by using Gaussian kernel method, is obtained, where Gaussian kernel is based on this distance. Next, information structures of this kind of information system are described by set vectors. Moreover, relationships between information structures are studied from two sides of dependence and separation. Finally, as a simple application for the proposed information structures, granularity measure of uncertainty for a set-valued information system is investigated. These results will be helpful for establishing a framework of granular computing in an information system.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-181098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T12:18:36Z","timestamp":1559045916000},"page":"5319-5331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Information structures in a set-valued information system based on granular computing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Neiping","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan University of Commerce, Changsha, P.R.China"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, P.R.China"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Information entropy and granulation co-entropy of partitions and coverings: A summary","volume":"10","author":"Bianucci D.","year":"2009","unstructured":"BianucciD., CattaneoG., Information entropy and granulation co-entropy of partitions and coverings: A summary, Transactions on Rough Sets 10 (2009), 15\u201366.","journal-title":"Transactions on Rough Sets"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/FUN-2007-751-406"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-111X(200005)15:5<389::AID-INT2>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-0255(98)00019-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2010.10.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2009.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2013.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(98)00091-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03081079008935107"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2013.03.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2005.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2015.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2009.2024166"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2007.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2010.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2004.96"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2008.924209"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-0255(98)10065-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","first-page":"107","volume-title":"In: Rough Sets In Knowledge Discovery","author":"Lin T.Y.","year":"1998","unstructured":"LinT.Y., Granular computing on binary relations I: Data mining and neighborhood systems, In: Rough Sets In Knowledge Discovery, , SkowronA. and PolkowskiL. 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