{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:20:29Z","timestamp":1777702829909,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IFS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]]},"DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-181221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]],"date-time":"2018-12-04T11:31:53Z","timestamp":1543923113000},"page":"2793-2806","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Research on rough equality and rough inclusion of sets in multi-granulation spaces"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaixuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The application of rough set and fuzzy rough set based algorithm to classify incomplete meteorological data","author":"Aprianti","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Conference on Data and Software Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2013.03.015","article-title":"Analyzing uncertainties of probabilistic rough set regions with game-theoretic rough sets","volume":"55","author":"Azam","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2010.09.013","article-title":"A survey of the application of fuzzy set theory in production and operations management: 1998\u20132009","volume":"129","author":"Bo","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/03081079008935107","article-title":"Rough fuzzy sets and fuzzy rough sets","volume":"17","author":"Didier","year":"1990","journal-title":"International Journal of General Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(98)00091-5","article-title":"Uncertainty measures of rough set prediction","volume":"106","author":"D”untsch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"C","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.09.011","article-title":"Decision-theoretic rough set","volume":"91","author":"Dou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2006.08.029","article-title":"Rough set-based logics for multicriteria decision analysis","volume":"182","author":"Fan","year":"2007","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2011.10.002","article-title":"The reduction and fusion of fuzzy covering systems based on the evidence theory","volume":"53","author":"Feng","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008847308326","article-title":"Fuzzy set theory applications in production management research: A literature survey","volume":"9","author":"Guiffrida","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1108\/K-09-2016-0228","article-title":"Deep learning architecture using rough sets and rough neural networks","volume":"46","author":"Hassan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24425-4_59","article-title":"Analysis of data-driven parameters in game-theoretic rough sets","author":"Herbert","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Conference on Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3233\/FI-2011-423","article-title":"Game-theoretic rough sets","volume":"108","author":"Herbert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fundamenta Informaticae"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2006.889761","article-title":"Fuzzy-rough sets assisted attribute selection","volume":"15","author":"Jensen","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2006.273155","article-title":"Rough sets attributes reduction based expert system in interlaced video sequences","volume":"52","author":"Jeon","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref15","first-page":"1583","article-title":"Artificial intelligence with uncertainty","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Software"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref16","unstructured":"Li D.Y. , Meng H.J. , Shi X.M. , Membership cloud and membership cloud generators, Journal of Computer Research and Development (1995)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/0308107021000013635","article-title":"A new method for measuring uncertainty and fuzziness in rough set theory","volume":"31","author":"Liang","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of General Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref18","volume-title":"Combinatorial Machine Learning: A Rough Set Approach","author":"Moshkov","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1987.6499320","article-title":"Fuzzy-set theoretic interpretation of economic order quantity","volume":"17","author":"Park","year":"1987","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aml.2007.05.010","article-title":"Integrating rough set theory and medical applications","volume":"21","author":"Pattaraintakorn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Applied Mathematics Letters"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01001956","article-title":"Rough sets","volume":"11","author":"Pawlak","year":"1982","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Information Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref22","first-page":"132","article-title":"Rough sets and decision analysis","volume":"38","author":"Pawlak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infor: Information Systems and Operational Research"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.4064\/-28-1-135-150","article-title":"Rough membership functions: A tool for reasoning with uncertainty","volume":"28","author":"Pawlak","year":"1993","journal-title":"Banach Center Publications"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2006.06.003","article-title":"Rudiments of rough sets","volume":"177","author":"Pawlak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(94)90415-4","article-title":"Rough set approach to multiattribute decision analysis","volume":"72","author":"Pawlak","year":"1994","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(96)00377-6","article-title":"Fuzzy set technology in knowledge discovery","volume":"98","author":"Pedrycz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(01)00229-1","article-title":"A rough-fuzzy approach for generating classification rules","volume":"35","author":"Shen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(02)00196-4","article-title":"Rough set methods in feature selection and recognition","volume":"24","author":"Swiniarski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"issue":"1-4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3233\/FI-2015-1284","article-title":"Applications of fuzzy rough set theory in machine learning: A survey","volume":"142","author":"Vluymans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fundamenta Informaticae"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref30","volume-title":"Rough Set Theory and Knowledge Discovery","author":"Wang","year":"2001"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1016.2009.01229","article-title":"A survey on rough set theory and applications","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Computers"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2008.12.003","article-title":"Rough sets to help medical diagnosisevidence from a taiwans clinic","volume":"36","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref33","volume-title":"Fuzzy set theory and its applications","author":"Yang","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao Y.Y. , Decision-theoretic rough set models, In International Conference on Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology 2007, pp. 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-72458-2_1"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-43505-2_24","volume-title":"Probabilistic Rough Sets","author":"Yao","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2015.08.011","article-title":"Rough set models in multigranulation spaces","volume":"327","author":"Yao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7373(92)90069-W","article-title":"A decision theoretic framework for approximating concepts","volume":"37","author":"Yao","year":"1992","journal-title":"International Journal of Manmachine Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","article-title":"Fuzzy sets","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1965","journal-title":"Information and Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2006.32","article-title":"Knowledge acquisition based on rough set theory and principal component analysis","volume":"21","author":"Zeng","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Intelligent Systems"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/int.20152","article-title":"Inclusion measures, similarity measures, and the fuzziness of fuzzy sets and their relations","volume":"21","author":"Zeng","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref41","volume-title":"Theory and Applications of Problem Solving","author":"Zhang","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref42","unstructured":"Zhang L. , Zhang B. , The quotient space theory of problem solving, In International Conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining, and Granular Computing (2004), pp. 11\u201315."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1001.2012.04226","article-title":"Approximation sets of rough sets","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Software"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5399","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2600252","article-title":"Attribute reduction based on rough approximation set in algebra and information views","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-16533","article-title":"Research on approximation set of rough set based on fuzzy similarity","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2008.11.007","article-title":"A rough set-based multiple criteria linear programming approach for the medical diagnosis and prognosis","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-181221_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0000(93)90048-2","article-title":"Variable precision rough set model","volume":"46","author":"Ziarko","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JIFS-181221","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:37:01Z","timestamp":1777455421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JIFS-181221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-181221","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]]}}}