{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T10:10:02Z","timestamp":1770286202388,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this paper is to establish some reliability models for redundant systems based on the assumption that the conversion switches are imperfect and distribution parameters are uncertain variables. Some new concepts of random uncertain distributions associated with random uncertain variables are proposed, which are applied to redundant series-parallel systems, including cold redundant system and warm redundant system. In each type of redundant system, we consider two methods to describe the switch lifetimes: random uncertain 0-1 switch lifetime and random uncertain geometric switch lifetime. The reliability and the mean time to failure of these systems are analyzed. Some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the proposed reliability models and perform a comparison for the system models with uncertain parameters and constant parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-181260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T12:22:24Z","timestamp":1560860544000},"page":"723-735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Reliability analysis of discrete time redundant system with imperfect switch and random uncertain lifetime"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Linmin","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, China"}]},{"given":"Xuerui","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, China"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, China"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","article-title":"Wiley","author":"Barlow R.E.","year":"1965","unstructured":"BarlowR.E.and ProschanF., Mathematical Theory of Reliability, Wiley, New York, 1965.","journal-title":"Mathematical Theory of Reliability"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218539303001007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2005.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2009.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2714(84)90468-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(89)90031-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.1987.5222317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(91)90143-E"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","article-title":"2nd edn, Springer-Verlag","author":"Liu B.","year":"2007","unstructured":"LiuB., Uncertainty Theory, 2nd edn, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2007.","journal-title":"Uncertainty Theory"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13959-8","author":"Liu B.","year":"2010","unstructured":"LiuB., Uncertainty Theory: A Branch of Mathematics for Modeling Human Uncertainty, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2010.","journal-title":"Uncertainty Theory: A Branch of Mathematics for Modeling Human Uncertainty"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Some Research Problems in Uncertainty Theory","volume":"3","author":"Liu B.","year":"2009","unstructured":"LiuB., Some Research Problems in Uncertainty Theory, Journal of Uncertain Systems 3(1) (2009), 3\u201310.","journal-title":"Journal of Uncertain Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"181","article-title":"Expected Value of Function of Uncertain Variables","volume":"4","author":"Liu Y.","year":"2010","unstructured":"LiuY. and HaM., Expected Value of Function of Uncertain Variables, Journal of Uncertain Systems 4(3) (2010), 181\u2013186.","journal-title":"Journal of Uncertain Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89484-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40467-014-0025-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-014-1392-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-161661"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"163","article-title":"Uncertain Risk Analysis and Uncertain Reliability Analysis","volume":"4","author":"Liu B.","year":"2010","unstructured":"LiuB., Uncertain Risk Analysis and Uncertain Reliability Analysis, Journal of Uncertain Systems 4(3) (2010), 163\u2013170.","journal-title":"Journal of Uncertain Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2779475"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"881","article-title":"Reliability Analysis of Redundant System with Uncertain Lifetimes","volume":"16","author":"Liu W.","year":"2013","unstructured":"LiuW., Reliability Analysis of Redundant System with Uncertain Lifetimes, Information 16(2) (2013), 881\u2013887.","journal-title":"Information"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14257\/ijsia.2015.9.12.28"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2018.2806365"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.10.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","article-title":"Redundancy Optimization of an Uncertain Parallel-Series System with Warm Standby Elements","volume":"2018","author":"Hu L.","unstructured":"HuL., HuangW., WangG.F. and TianR., Redundancy Optimization of an Uncertain Parallel-Series System with Warm Standby Elements, Complexity 2018 Article ID 3154360, 10 pages, 2018, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/3154360","journal-title":"Complexity"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2881210"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-012-0935-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10700-012-9149-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S021848851450024X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-017-2510-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10700-016-9235-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2016.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10700-016-9245-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2018.2838560"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-018-0952-7"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-181260","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JIFS-181260","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-181260","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T19:50:37Z","timestamp":1770234637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JIFS-181260"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JIFS-181260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-181260","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]}}}