{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:52:51Z","timestamp":1777704771450,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]],"date-time":"2018-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The market-oriented rail operation planning and pricing are two key issues to enhance the competitiveness and attractiveness of rail sector. A limitation of the state-of-the-art in this area of research is that supply-side (operation planning) and demand-side issues (affected by the pricing) are generally considered separately. The contribution of this paper is to propose a revenue-maximization model that integrates these two dimensions, based on dynamic ticket-pricing, elasticity in passenger demand, and flexible dispatching. The model considers both operating costs directly borne by the rail service operator and costs indirectly incurred by passengers due to the disutility of unproductive travel time (i.e. the value of time). The strategy to identify the profit-maximizing joint pricing\/dispatching strategy is based on Lyapunov optimization. The Lyapunov optimization is applied to obtain a fully distributed and low-complexity multi-slot algorithm only requiring knowledge of the instantaneous system state. We prove the explicit trade-off between the optimization objective and queue backlog. The Guangzhou-Shenzhen railway (Guangdong, China) is employed as the empirical case study, to expose the properties of the proposed model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-181701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]],"date-time":"2018-11-30T12:15:17Z","timestamp":1543580117000},"page":"435-448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["An integrated pricing\/planning strategy to optimize passenger rail service with uncertain demand"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Xiaoqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Jiaotong University, School of Transportation and Logistics, Chengdu, P.R. China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, Chengdu, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Jiaotong University, School of Transportation and Logistics, Chengdu, P.R. China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, Chengdu, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Le Vine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, State University of New York (SUNY) at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Jiaotong University, School of Transportation and Logistics, Chengdu, P.R. China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, Chengdu, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.1120.0424"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.rpm.5170123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(97)00271-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2004.04.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-3995.2010.00802.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2015.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2018.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"821","volume-title":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems, Proceedings","author":"Wang S.","year":"2009","unstructured":"S.Wang, P.Zhao and K.Qiao, Study on Passenger Train Stopping Scheme Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems, Proceedings, Vol 1,ed. W.Chen, S.Z.Li , Y.L.Wang, 2009, pp. 821\u2013826."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2015.09.013"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Train re-scheduling with genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks for single-track railways","volume":"27","author":"Diindar S.","year":"2013","unstructured":"S.Diindar and I.Sahin, Train re-scheduling with genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks for single-track railways, Tramsportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies 27(2) (2013), 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Tramsportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2016.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2018.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-2615(99)00013-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2011.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2017.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2016.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/IFS-141202"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/IFS-130994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/IFS-151634"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijindorg.2014.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","article-title":"Collusive Pricing Patterns in the US Airline Industry","author":"Ciliberto F.","year":"2017","unstructured":"F.Ciliberto, E.Watkins and J.W.Williams, Collusive Pricing Patterns in the US Airline Industry. Social Science Electronic Publishing, 2017.","journal-title":"Social Science Electronic Publishing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11771-014-2109-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"2398","article-title":"Optimizing the High Speed Train Stop Schedule Using Flexible Stopping Patterns Combination","author":"Zhang X.","year":"2014","unstructured":"X.Zhang, et al., Optimizing the High Speed Train Stop Schedule Using Flexible Stopping Patterns Combination, 2014 Ieee 17th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2014, pp. 2398\u20132403.","journal-title":"2014 Ieee 17th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2013.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2018.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","author":"Armstrong A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"A.Armstrong and J.Meissner, Railway Revenue Management: Overview and Models, Joern Meissner, 2010.","journal-title":"Railway Revenue Management: Overview and Models"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/inte.28.1.6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13676-012-0002-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2018.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"xii","article-title":"Stochastic Network Optimization with Application to Communication and Queueing Systems","volume":"199","author":"Neely M.J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"M.J.Neely, Stochastic Network Optimization with Application to Communication and Queueing Systems, Stochastic Network Optimization with Application to Communication and Queueing Systems, 2010, xii+199 pp-xii+199 pp.","journal-title":"Stochastic Network Optimization with Application to Communication and Queueing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/jimo.2014.10.777"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2012.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2015.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/jimo.2018018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2006.876219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-79995-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2015.2481209"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","article-title":"Energy-delay tradeoffs in smartphone applications, in International Conference on Mobile Systems","author":"Ra M.R.","year":"2010","unstructured":"M.R.Ra, et al., Energy-delay tradeoffs in smartphone applications, in International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, MOBISYS, 2010.","journal-title":"Applications, and Services, MOBISYS"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en9050381"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","article-title":"Decision model of railway passenger trains plan","author":"Zhou L.","year":"2000","unstructured":"L.Zhou, Decision model of railway passenger trains plan, Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (2000).","journal-title":"Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","author":"Rogoff P.","year":"2014","unstructured":"P.Rogoff, Revised departmental guidance on valuation of travel time in economic analysis, 2014.","journal-title":"Revised departmental guidance on valuation of travel time in economic analysis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-181701","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JIFS-181701","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-181701","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:41:58Z","timestamp":1777455718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JIFS-181701"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JIFS-181701"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-181701","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]]}}}