{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:37:17Z","timestamp":1777703837988,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The tamper-proof digital database on which are written all exchanges between its users since its inception is named Blockchain. The blockchain is a system of storage distributed on a peer-to-peer network (p2p) using consensus mechanism, asymmetric encryption, smart contracts and other key technologies. In an untrusted environment, blockchain comes to associate the implementation of a mechanism for the exchange of information, transfer of value intended to ensure consistency, and integrity data is the cornerstone of the creation of value future of the Internet. Blockchain technology has the following features: decentralized, safe, reliable, open and transparent. Its characteristics make the most attractive blockchain and is the subject of all the debates at the safe level. File storage, healthcare, banking, insurance, field and other scenarios are widely used. However, the technology of the blockchain is still some problems, such as the low flow of transactions, easy disclosure of user information, the confidentiality of the data of transactions and the safe limits of algorithms encryption. His problems that must be resolved urgently in its development and its application. As an emerging technology, the blockchain still has plenty other still undiscovered problems, but it has broad prospects of development and should allow the creation of a new decentralized era and a new world of Central governance without organ of management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-190449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T13:37:55Z","timestamp":1573220275000},"page":"8029-8052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Blockchain: Perspectives and issues"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Seybou","family":"Sakho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang district, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhang","family":"Jianbiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang district, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Firdaous","family":"Essaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang district, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mesmin J.","family":"Mbyamm Kiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang district, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"557","article-title":"An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends","author":"Zheng Z.","year":"2017","unstructured":"ZhengZ., XieS., DaiH., ChenX., WangH., An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends, Proc \u2013 2017 IEEE 6th Int Congr Big Data, BigData Congr 2017, 2017, pp. 557\u2013564.","journal-title":"Proc \u2013 2017 IEEE 6th Int Congr Big Data, BigData Congr 2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","article-title":"Blockchain government \u2013 A next form of infrastructure for the twenty-first century","volume":"4","author":"Jun M.S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"JunM.S., Blockchain government \u2013 A next form of infrastructure for the twenty-first century, J Open Innov Technol Mark Complex 4(1), 2018.","journal-title":"J Open Innov Technol Mark Complex"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","unstructured":"\u201cBlockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy \u2013 Melanie Swan \u2013 Google Livres.\u201d [Online]. Available: https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=RHJmBgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=melanie+swan+blockchain+1.0&ots=XQuJI4_Uj0&sig=HUbkpLBHzra5zyNMv1reOaygzKo#v=onepage&q=blockchain 1.0&f=false [Accessed: 10-Feb-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform","volume":"11","author":"Buterin V.","year":"2013","unstructured":"ButerinV., WiederholdB.K., RivaG., GraffignaG., A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform, Etherum 11 (2013), 7.","journal-title":"Etherum"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","unstructured":"FabricH. EngineerS.S. Alibaba Cloud Launches Global Blockchain as a Service The service supports dual-platform implementation and provides greater security (2018) 1\u20132."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","unstructured":"AmazonI. Web Services AWS Blockchain Templates Developer Guide 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","first-page":"3","author":"Santra M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"SantraM., AleyaK.F., MajiS., NathA., International Journal of Advanced Research in Bitcoin Technology: A Peer-to-Peer Digital Cash Transaction May (2016), 3\u20137.","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Bitcoin Technology: A Peer-to-Peer Digital Cash Transaction"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","unstructured":"BaligaA. Understanding Blockchain Consensus Models Whitepaper no. April 2017 pp. 1\u201314."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2805783"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","first-page":"356","article-title":"Brief announcement: ZeroBlock: Timestamp-free prevention of block-withholding attack in bitcoin","author":"Solat S.","year":"2017","unstructured":"SolatS., Potop-ButucaruM., Brief announcement: ZeroBlock: Timestamp-free prevention of block-withholding attack in bitcoin, Lect Notes Comput Sci (including Subser. Lect. Notes Artif Intell Lect Notes Bioinformatics), vol. 10616 LNCS, 2017, pp. 356\u2013360.","journal-title":"Lect Notes Comput Sci (including Subser. Lect. Notes Artif Intell Lect Notes Bioinformatics)"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","unstructured":"AndersonR. ShumailovI. RietmannA. AhmedM. Bitcoin Redux 2018 pp. 1\u201333."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","unstructured":"PrimerT. Blockchain July (2018) 0\u201338."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","first-page":"557","article-title":"An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends","author":"Zheng Z.","year":"2017","unstructured":"ZhengZ., XieS., DaiH., ChenX., WangH., An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends, 2017 IEEE 6th Int Congr Big Data, BigData Congr 2017 June (2017), 557\u2013564.","journal-title":"2017 IEEE 6th Int Congr Big Data, BigData Congr 2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bitcoin transaction: From the creation to validation, a protocol overview","author":"Vallois V.","year":"2017","unstructured":"ValloisV., GuenaneF.A., Bitcoin transaction: From the creation to validation, a protocol overview, 2017 1st Cyber Secur Netw. Conf CSNet 2017, no. April, 2017, pp. 1\u20137.","journal-title":"2017 1st Cyber Secur Netw. Conf CSNet 2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","unstructured":"QiuM. Ed. Smart Blockchain vol. 11373. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","unstructured":"Crypto-Hashing and applications 2017."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","first-page":"2","article-title":"Using the Blockchain of Cryptocurrencies for Timestamping Digital Cultural Heritage","volume":"13","author":"Gipp B.","year":"2016","unstructured":"GippB., MeuschkeN., BeelJ., BreitingerC., Using the Blockchain of Cryptocurrencies for Timestamping Digital Cultural Heritage, Proc Work Web Arch Digit Libr held conjunction with 16th ACM\/IEEE-CS Jt Conf Digit Libr 13(1) (2016), 2\u20134.","journal-title":"Proc Work Web Arch Digit Libr held conjunction with 16th ACM\/IEEE-CS Jt Conf Digit Libr"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app8122532"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","unstructured":"Merkle Trees \u2013 Hacker Noon. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/hackernoon.com\/merkle-trees-181cb4bc30b4?gi=502ae43b1d77. [Accessed: 14-Mar-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Distributed ledger technology: Blockchain compared to directed acyclic graph","volume":"2018","author":"Ben\u010dic F.M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ben\u010dicF.M. and \u017darkoI.P., Distributed ledger technology: Blockchain compared to directed acyclic graph, Int Conf Distrib Comput Syst 2018 (2018), 1569\u20131570.","journal-title":"Int Conf Distrib Comput Syst"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.180817"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","article-title":"Analysis of the Bitcoin UTXO set","author":"Delgado-Segura S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Delgado-SeguraS., P\u00e8rez-SolaC., Navarro-ArribasG., Herrera-Joancomart\u0131J., Analysis of the Bitcoin UTXO set, Proc 5th Work Bitcoin Blockchain Res Res (in Assocation with Financ Crypto 18), Lect Notes Comput Sci, 2018.","journal-title":"Proc 5th Work Bitcoin Blockchain Res Res (in Assocation with Financ Crypto 18), Lect Notes Comput Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","first-page":"803","article-title":"A proposal of a secure P2P-type storage scheme by using the secret sharing and the blockchain","author":"Fukumitsu M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"FukumitsuM., HasegawaS., IwazakiJ., SakaiM., TakahashiD., A proposal of a secure P2P-type storage scheme by using the secret sharing and the blockchain, Int Conf Adv Inf Netw Appl AINA, 2017, pp. 803\u2013810.","journal-title":"Int Conf Adv Inf Netw Appl AINA"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","unstructured":"TutschkuK. Tran-giaP. Peer-to-Peer Systems and Applications no. January 2005 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","unstructured":"TapsellJ. AkramR.N. MarkantonakisK. An evaluation of the security of the Bitcoin Peer-to-Peer Network 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","unstructured":"AlexR.W.L. Gr\u00f8ndahl Frie ChurnAddr Strategy in the Bitcoin Network p. 302 1385."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Information propagation in the Bitcoin network Information Propagation in the Bitcoin Network","author":"Decker C.","year":"2016","unstructured":"DeckerC., DeckerC., WattenhoferR., Information propagation in the Bitcoin network Information Propagation in the Bitcoin Network, 13-th IEEE Int Conf Peer-to-Peer Comput, no. August, 2016, pp. 1\u201310.","journal-title":"13-th IEEE Int Conf Peer-to-Peer Comput"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","unstructured":"SalimitariM. ChatterjeeM. An Overview of Blockchain and Consensus Protocols for IoT Networks 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","unstructured":"Review of the Six Types of Blockchain Consensus Mechanism. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.ecommercestrategychina.com\/column\/review-of-the-six-types-of-blockchain-consensus-mechanism. [Accessed: 14-Mar-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","unstructured":"SeangS. TorreD. Proof of Work and Proof of Stake consensus protocols: A blockchain application for local complementary currencies 2018 pp. 1\u201321."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2017.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","unstructured":"ChengZ. WuG. WuH. ZhaoM. ZhaoL. CaiQ. A New Hybrid Consensus Protocol: Deterministic Proof Of Work 2018 pp. 1\u201324."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","first-page":"1020","article-title":"Governance in the blockchain economy: A framework and research agenda","volume":"19","author":"King J.L.","year":"2018","unstructured":"KingJ.L., BeckR., M\u00fcller-BlochC., Governance in the blockchain economy: A framework and research agenda, J Assoc Inf Syst 19(March) (2018), 1020\u20131034.","journal-title":"J Assoc Inf Syst"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","unstructured":"Solidity Documentation 0.4.11 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","unstructured":"Target Block. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/docs.genesys.com\/Documentation\/Composer\/8.1.5\/Help\/TargetBlock. [Accessed: 18-Mar-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","unstructured":"MacfarlaneJ. Pandoc User \u2019 s Guide 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67816-0_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/MIPRO.2018.8400278"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","unstructured":"GuiG. A Memo on the Proof-of-Stake Mechanism * Proof-of-Stake 2016 (2018) 1\u201310."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","unstructured":"Delegated Proof-of-Stake Consensus | BitShares Blockchain. [Online]. Available: http:\/\/bitshares.org\/technology\/delegated-proof-of-stake-consensus\/. [Accessed: 14-Mar-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Delegated proof of stake: Features and tradeoffs","author":"Snider M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"SniderM., SamaniK., JainT., Delegated proof of stake: Features and tradeoffs, Multicoin Cap (2018), 19.","journal-title":"Multicoin Cap"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","unstructured":"CaiW.E.I. WangZ. ErnstJ.B. HongZ. MemberS. FengC. Decentralized Applications: The Blockchain-Empowered Software System arXiv: 1810. 05365v1 [cs. DC] 12 Oct 2018 2018 pp. 1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","unstructured":"CachinC. Architecture of the Hyperledger Blockchain Fabric * 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AublinP. Ben MokhtarS. and QuV. RBFT: Redundant Byzantine Fault Tolerance 2013.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2013.53"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","first-page":"130","article-title":"A Byzantine Fault Tolerance Model for a Multi-cloud Computing","author":"AlZain M.A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"AlZainM.A., SohB., PardedeE., A Byzantine Fault Tolerance Model for a Multi-cloud Computing, in 2013 IEEE 16th International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, 2013, pp. 130\u2013137.","journal-title":"2013 IEEE 16th International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","first-page":"374","article-title":"Blockchain-Based Publishing Layer for the Keyless Signing Infrastructure","author":"Jamthagen C.","year":"2017","unstructured":"JamthagenC., HellM., Blockchain-Based Publishing Layer for the Keyless Signing Infrastructure, 13th IEEE Int Conf Ubiquitous Intell Comput 13th IEEE Int Conf Adv Trust Comput 16th IEEE Int Conf Scalable Comput Commun IEEE Int, 2017, pp. 374\u2013381.","journal-title":"13th IEEE Int Conf Ubiquitous Intell Comput 13th IEEE Int Conf Adv Trust Comput 16th IEEE Int Conf Scalable Comput Commun IEEE Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blockchain: Bitcoin wallet crytography security, challenges and countermeasures","volume":"22","author":"Latifa E.-R.","year":"2017","unstructured":"LatifaE.-R., My AhemedE.K., MohamedE.G. and OmarA., Blockchain: Bitcoin wallet crytography security, challenges and countermeasures, J Internet Bank Commer 22(3) (2017), 1\u201329.","journal-title":"J Internet Bank Commer"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","unstructured":"VijayakumaranS. An Introduction to Bitcoin 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","article-title":"(Lecture Notes in Computer Science Security and Cryptology)","author":"International","year":"2014","unstructured":"International and HutchisonD., (Lecture Notes in Computer Science Security and Cryptology) ChristinNicolas, Safavi-NainiReihaneh (eds.) -Financial Cryptography and Data Security_18th International Conference, FC 2014, Christ (1).pdf. 2014.","journal-title":"-Financial Cryptography and Data Security_18th International Conference, FC 2014, Christ (1).pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2016.55"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MichailH. GregoriadesA. KelefourasV. AthanasiouG. KritikakouA. GoutisC. Authentication with RIPEMD-160 and Other Alternatives: A Hardware Design Authentication with RIPEMD-160 and other alternatives no. March 2010.","DOI":"10.5772\/9439"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A survey on the security of blockchain systems","author":"Li X.","year":"2017","unstructured":"LiX., JiangP., ChenT., LuoX., WenQ., A survey on the security of blockchain systems, Futur Gener Comput Syst no. Xiaoqi Li, 2017, pp. 1\u201325.","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Application of blockchain technology in sustainable energy systems: An overview","volume":"10","author":"Wu J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"WuJ., TranN.K., Application of blockchain technology in sustainable energy systems: An overview, Sustain 10(9) (2018), 1\u201322.","journal-title":"Sustain"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Setting up flexible and light weight trading with enhanced user privacy using smart contracts","author":"Niya S.R.","year":"2018","unstructured":"NiyaS.R., ShupferF., BocekT., StillerB., Setting up flexible and light weight trading with enhanced user privacy using smart contracts, in 2018 IEEE\/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, 2018, pp. 1\u20132.","journal-title":"2018 IEEE\/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"XieX. HuangT. GuoZ. Research on the Security Protection Scheme for Container-Based Cloud Platform Node Based on BlockChain Technology Springer Singapore 2018 pp. 24\u201332.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-2203-7_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","first-page":"337","article-title":"Application of block chain in multi-level demand response reliable mechanism","author":"Cui G.","year":"2017","unstructured":"CuiG., ShiK., QinY., LiuL., QiB., LiB., Application of block chain in multi-level demand response reliable mechanism, 2017 3rd Int Conf Inf Manag ICIM 2017, 2017, pp. 337\u2013341.","journal-title":"2017 3rd Int Conf Inf Manag ICIM 2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICED.2018.8592130"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","article-title":"Cryptocurrencies and blockchain Legal context and implications for financial crime, money laundering and tax evasion STUDY Requested by the TAX3 committee Policy Department for Economic","author":"Houben R.","year":"2019","unstructured":"HoubenR., SnyersA., Cryptocurrencies and blockchain Legal context and implications for financial crime, money laundering and tax evasion STUDY Requested by the TAX3 committee Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies, no. July, 2019.","journal-title":"Scientific and Quality of Life Policies"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","unstructured":"WardD. MastercardV. and Bitug CRYPTO CURRENCIES #102 BRING ON THE ALTCOINS Cryptocurrencies beyond Bitcoin 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fileco: A Decentralized Storage Network","author":"Benet J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"BenetJ., GrecoN., Fileco: A Decentralized Storage Network, Protoc Labs, 2018, pp. 1\u201336.","journal-title":"Protoc Labs"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48084\/etasr.1629"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ValencK. CanedoE.D. MariaR. Construction of a Software Measurement Tool using Systematic Literature Review no. July 2018.","DOI":"10.1109\/Cybermatics_2018.2018.00308"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cryptography3010003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"\"A case study for blockchain in healthcare: \u201cMedRec \u201cprototype for electronic health records and medical research data MedRec: Using Blockchain for Medical Data Access and Permission Management,\u201d","author":"Ekblaw A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"EkblawA., AzariaA., HalamkaJ.D., LippmanA., OriginalI., VieiraT., \"A case study for blockchain in healthcare: \u201cMedRec \u201cprototype for electronic health records and medical research data MedRec: Using Blockchain for Medical Data Access and Permission Management,\u201d, IEEE Technol Soc Mag (2016), 1\u201313.","journal-title":"IEEE Technol Soc Mag"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_2","unstructured":"QuintaisJ.P. Blockchain Copyright Symposium: Summary Report Wolters Kluwer no. October 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_67_2","unstructured":"BeavenZ. NeilsonD. OsborneR. PacificoP. Blockchain for Creative Industries Music On The Blockchain Blockchain For Creative Industries Research Cluster Middlesex University no. July 2016 p. 29."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_68_2","unstructured":"BouzidiD. FrossardT. MainelliM. L \u2019 identit\u00e8 num\u00e8rique: Un usage de la blockchain au profit du citoyen 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_69_2","unstructured":"I.T.C.(ITC) Trade Impact for Good Traceability in Food and Agricultural Products 2015."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_70_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Traceability system for improved utilization of solid biofuel from agricultural prunings","volume":"10","author":"Bosona T.","year":"2018","unstructured":"BosonaT., GebresenbetG., OlssonS.O., Traceability system for improved utilization of solid biofuel from agricultural prunings, Sustain 10(2) (2018), 1\u201312.","journal-title":"Sustain"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_71_2","unstructured":"13 of the Best Blockchain Games (Updated for [Online]. Available: https:\/\/blockexplorer.com\/news\/best-blockchain-games\/. [Accessed: 18-Mar-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_72_2","unstructured":"The Pros and Cons of Blockchain-Based Video Games. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.gameprotocol.io\/post\/the-pros-and-cons-of-blockchain-based-video-games. [Accessed: 18-Mar-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OuaddahA. ElkalamA.A. OuahmanA.A. Towards a Novel Privacy-Preserving Access Control Model Based on Blockchain Technology in IoT Springer Cham 2017 pp. 523\u2013533.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46568-5_53"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_74_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A supply chain traceability system for food safety based on HACCP, blockchain & Internet of things","author":"Tian F.","year":"2017","unstructured":"TianF., A supply chain traceability system for food safety based on HACCP, blockchain & Internet of things, 14th Int Conf Serv Syst Serv Manag ICSSSM 2017 \u2013 Proc, 2017, pp. 1\u20136.","journal-title":"14th Int Conf Serv Syst Serv Manag ICSSSM 2017 \u2013 Proc"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_75_2","first-page":"68","article-title":"Can blockchain strenghtne the IoT?","author":"It S.","year":"2017","unstructured":"ItS., Can blockchain strenghtne the IoT? Secur IT (2017), 68\u201372.","journal-title":"Secur IT"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_76_2","unstructured":"SayeghK. Blockchain Application in Insurance and Reinsurance no. October 2018 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_77_2","unstructured":"CurriculumS.E. AkandeA. Institute of Computer Science Software Engineering Curriculum Adefisayo Akande Disruptive Power of Blockchain on the Insurance Industry 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_78_2","unstructured":"PapersW. Blockchain FinTechs and their relevance for international financial institutions 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_79_2","unstructured":"Blockchain and banking."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_80_2","unstructured":"ChenL. LuY. DL-BAC: Distributed Ledger Based Access Control for Web Applications pp. 1445\u20131450."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_81_2","article-title":"A systematic literature review of blockchain cyber security","author":"Taylor P.J.","year":"2019","unstructured":"TaylorP.J., DargahiT., DehghantanhaA., PariziR.M., ChooK.R., A systematic literature review of blockchain cyber security, Digit Commun Networks, no. January 2019.","journal-title":"Digit Commun Networks"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEM.2017.8290114"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_83_2","unstructured":"WangN. ZhouX. LuX. GuanZ. WuL. DuX. When Energy Trading meets Blockchain in Electrical Power System: The State of the Art 2019 pp. 1\u201321."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_84_2","unstructured":"SectorD. Blockchain meets Energy."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_85_2","unstructured":"Que Signifie la Blockchain Pour le Secteur de L\u2019\u00c8nergie Renouvelable? \u2013 EKOenergy. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.ekoenergy.org\/fr\/blockchain-and-renewable-energy\/. [Accessed: 23-Jul-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_86_2","unstructured":"R\u00f4le du Blockchain dans le secteur de l\u2019\u00e8nergie et des ressources | Deloitte Suisse. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/ch\/fr\/pages\/energy-and-resources\/articles\/role-of-blockchain-in-the-energy-and-resources-industry.html. [Accessed: 23-Jul-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_87_2","unstructured":"CompanyT. WayC. FutureK. The Land Registry in the blockchain A development project with Lantm\u00e4teriet (The Swedish Mapping cadastre and land registration authority) no. July 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_88_2","unstructured":"ProfileS.E.E. ProfileS.E.E. Blockchain and Land Administration: Possible applications and limitations no. November 2018."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_89_2","article-title":"Blockchain technology implementation in logistics","volume":"11","author":"Tijan E.","year":"2019","unstructured":"TijanE., AksentijevicS., IvanicK., JardasM., Blockchain technology implementation in logistics, Sustain 11(4) (2019).","journal-title":"Sustain"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_90_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blockchain in logistics","author":"DHL","year":"2018","unstructured":"DHL, Blockchain in logistics, DHL Cust Solut Innov, 2018, pp. 1\u201328.","journal-title":"DHL Cust Solut Innov"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_91_2","first-page":"16","article-title":"The Blockchain Potential for Port Logistics","author":"Oude Weernink M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oude WeerninkM., Van Den EnghW., FrancisconiM. and ThorborgF., The Blockchain Potential for Port Logistics, Erasmus Univ Delft Univ Technol no. 2 January 2018, 2017, p. 16.","journal-title":"Erasmus Univ Delft Univ Technol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_92_2","unstructured":"Hj\u00e0lmarssonF.p. HreietharssonG.K. Blockchain-Based E-Voting System."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/IJEGR.2018010103"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_94_2","first-page":"1561","article-title":"E-Voting with Blockchain: An E-Votingrotocol with Decentralisation and Voter Privacy","author":"Hardwick F.S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"HardwickF.S., GioulisA., AkramR.N., MarkantonakisK., E-Voting with Blockchain: An E-Votingrotocol with Decentralisation and Voter Privacy, IEEE 2018 Int Congr Cybermatics 2018 IEEE Conf Internet Things, Green Comput Commun Cyber, Phys Soc Comput Smart Data, Blockchain, Comput Inf Technol iThings\/Gree, 2018, pp. 1561\u20131567.","journal-title":"IEEE 2018 Int Congr Cybermatics 2018 IEEE Conf Internet Things, Green Comput Commun Cyber, Phys Soc Comput Smart Data, Blockchain, Comput Inf Technol iThings\/Gree"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_1_95_2","first-page":"653","article-title":"A survey of blockchain security issues and challenges","volume":"19","author":"Lin I.C.","year":"2017","unstructured":"LinI.C., LiaoT.C., A survey of blockchain security issues and challenges, Int J Netw Secur 19(5) (2017), 653\u2013659.","journal-title":"Int J Netw Secur"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.09.074"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_97_2","unstructured":"Blockchain\u2019s Scaling Problem Explained | Cointelegraph. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/cointelegraph.com\/explained\/blockchains-scaling-problem-explained. [Accessed: 18-Mar-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EyalI. . On Scaling Decentralized Blockchains 2016 pp. 106\u2013125.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-53357-4_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_99_2","unstructured":"Scalability is Blockchain\u2019s Biggest Problem But it Can Be Resolved | CryptoSlate. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/scalability-is-blockchains-biggest-problem-but-it-can-be-resolved\/ [Accessed: 18-Mar-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_100_2","unstructured":"CrainT. NatoliC. GramoliV. Evaluating the Red Belly Blockchain 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_101_2","unstructured":"Blockchain Scalability: When Where How? \u2013 Blockgeeks. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/blockgeeks.com\/guides\/blockchain-scalability\/. [Accessed: 18-Mar-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSAI.2017.8248427"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2805837"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13189\/ujcn.2015.030403"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJWGS.2018.095647"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_106_2","unstructured":"Consommation \u00e8nerg\u00e8tique de la blockchain: Probl\u00e8matiques et solutions. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/cryptoast.fr\/consommation-blockchain\/. [Accessed: 25-Jul-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EPRI Quick Insights 2016 pp. 22\u201325.","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0916-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_108_2","unstructured":"SinghR. DwivediA.D. SrivastavaG. Bitcoin Mining: A Game Theoretic Analysis IACR Cryptol. ePrint 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2018.11.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_110_2","unstructured":"MassadT.G. It \u2019 s Time to Strengthen the Regulation of March (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_111_2","unstructured":"The Law Library of Congress Regulation of Cryptocurrency Around the World Law Libr Congr 5080 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_112_2","article-title":"The advantages and disadvantages of the blockchain technology","author":"Golosova J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"GolosovaJ., RomanovsA., The advantages and disadvantages of the blockchain technology, 2018 IEEE 6th Work Adv Information, Electron Electr Eng AIEEE 2018 \u2013 Proc, no. November, 2018.","journal-title":"2018 IEEE 6th Work Adv Information, Electron Electr Eng AIEEE 2018 \u2013 Proc"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_113_2","unstructured":"Ethereum Smart Contract Development no. c."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_114_2","unstructured":"Blockchain no. April 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.02.005"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-190449","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JIFS-190449","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-190449","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:39:44Z","timestamp":1777455584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JIFS-190449"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JIFS-190449"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-190449","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]}}}