{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T18:28:28Z","timestamp":1778869708442,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) is an array of protocols which work together to enable a standardized way to communicate between nodes is store-carry-and-forward approach. In DTN, nodes help to convey message even with connectivity problem. Instead of using the own resource to pass a message to other nodes, a relay node is preferred which discovers the sink node with a greater probability of transferring messages on its own. A condition named node\u2019s selfishness is thus raised and it surely degrades network performance, which is more obvious in urban environment. To handle such problem, an incentive-based routing algorithm is generated by using the concept Selfishness-Enhanced Reliable Forwarding (SERF) to remove node selfishness and Direct Diffusion to omit duplicate messages present in relay node. This algorithm finds the probability of messages received by the relay node with reference to the usage of resources of sender node. Concurrently, buffer management policy is maintained, by setting the threshold of message copies according to the resource consumption of the source node when it generates a message. The result reveals that the proposed algorithm is better to the existing algorithms with regard to the performance metrics such as, delivery ratio, the average delay, and network overhead.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-191409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T12:06:49Z","timestamp":1589890009000},"page":"407-419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A comprehensive approach to avoid node selfishness and data redundancy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Dheenathayalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Paramasivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Technology, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2010.2052297"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MangrulkarR.S. and AtiqueM. Routing protocol for delay tolerant network:Asurvey and comparison In International Conference on Communication Control and Computing Technologies (2010) 210\u2013215.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCCT.2010.5670553"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2015.2493516"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2375340"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2014.2323057"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","unstructured":"Voyiatzis Artemios G A survey of delay-and disruption-tolerant networking applications Journal of Internet Engineering 5(1) (2012) 331\u2013344."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WangH. LvH. WangH. and FengG. DCAR: DTN congestion avoidance routing algorithm based on tokens in an urban environment Journal of Sensors (2017).","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6523076"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SamarasS.N. and Foteini TriantariS. On Direct Diffusion Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks In 2016 Advances inWireless and Optical Communications (RTUWO) (2016) 89\u201394.","DOI":"10.1109\/RTUWO.2016.7821862"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/415143"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2015.2454291"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2016.7437024"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-017-0597-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChoksatidT. and PrabhavatS. An epidemic routing with low message exchange overhead for delay tolerant networks In Progress in Systems Engineering (2015) 429\u2013436.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08422-0_63"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WangG. TaoJ. ZhangH. and PanD. A improved Prophet routing based on congestion level of nodes in DTN In 2017 IEEE 2nd Advanced Information Technology Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC) (2017) 1666\u20131669.","DOI":"10.1109\/IAEAC.2017.8054297"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.3030"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETC.2014.2371245"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.07.215"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GholapM. and ShaikhS. Information sharing in delay tolerant mobile networks with some incentive and fewest transmissions In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Advances in Computer Applications (ICACA) (2016) 197\u2013201.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACA.2016.7887950"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BrunO. El-AzouziR. PrabhuB. and SereginaT. Modeling rewards and incentive mechanisms for delay tolerant networks In 2014 12th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile Ad Hoc and Wireless Networks (WiOpt) (2014) 233\u2013240.","DOI":"10.1109\/WIOPT.2014.6850304"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2016.2546910"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-015-0610-7"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","article-title":"Comparison of flat routing protocols of wireless sensor network","volume":"3","author":"Raja Meena S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raja MeenaS. and TalwaiP., Comparison of flat routing protocols of wireless sensor network, In International Journal of Advanced Computational Engineering and Networking 3(10) (2015).","journal-title":"In International Journal of Advanced Computational Engineering and Networking"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RasbiK.A. ShakerH. and SharefZ. Survey on data-centric based routing protocols for wireless sensor networks arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.04069 (2017).","DOI":"10.24001\/eec.2.2.3"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","first-page":"469","article-title":"Resource refrain quota based routing protocol for delay Tolerant network","volume":"2","author":"Ayub Q.","year":"2019","unstructured":"AyubQ. and RashidS., Resource refrain quota based routing protocol for delay Tolerant network, Wireless Networks 2(8) (2019), 469\u20134704.","journal-title":"Wireless Networks"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19020243"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5746374"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JainS. and VermaA. Bubble Rap Incentive Scheme for Prevention of Node Selfishness in Delay-Tolerant Networks In Smart Innovations in Communication and Computational Sciences (2019) 289\u2013303.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-8968-8_25"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info7040071"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MaoX. LiX.-Y. SongW.-Z. XuP. and Moaveni-NejadK. Energy efficient opportunistic routing in wireless networks In Proceedings of the 12th ACM international conference on Modeling analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems (2009) 253\u2013260.","DOI":"10.1145\/1641804.1641847"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-191409","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JIFS-191409","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-191409","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:41:52Z","timestamp":1777455712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JIFS-191409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JIFS-191409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-191409","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]}}}