{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:53:46Z","timestamp":1777704826947,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IFS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we propose a new hybrid model called N-soft rough sets, which can be seen as a combination of rough sets and N-soft sets. Moreover, approximation operators and some useful properties with respect to N-soft rough approximation space are introduced. Furthermore, we propose decision making procedures for N-soft rough sets, the approximation sets are utilized to handle problems involving multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM), aiming at electing the optional objects and the possible optional objects based on their attribute set. The algorithm addresses some limitations of the extended rough sets models in dealing with inconsistent decision problems. Finally, an application of N-soft rough sets in multi-criteria decision making is illustrated with a real life example.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-200338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T10:38:58Z","timestamp":1599561538000},"page":"565-573","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["N-soft rough sets and its applications"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Di","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pi-Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"20","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9853","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-03903-w","article-title":"New decision-making hybrid model: intuitionistic fuzzy N-soft rough sets","volume":"23","author":"Akram","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soft Computing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4757","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-18244","article-title":"Fuzzy N-soft sets: A novel model with applications","volume":"35","author":"Akram","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2018.07.060","article-title":"Group decision-making methods based on hesitant N-soft sets","volume":"115","author":"Akram","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6113","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-181972","article-title":"Hesitant fuzzy N-soft sets: A new model with applications in decision-making","volume":"36","author":"Akram","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2015.05.052","article-title":"On lattice ordered soft sets","volume":"36","author":"Ali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3859","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-18757","article-title":"New types of dominance based multi-granulation rough sets and their applications in conflict analysis problems","volume":"35","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2008.11.009","article-title":"On some new operations in soft set theory","volume":"57","author":"Ali","year":"2009","journal-title":"Computers & Mathematics with Applications"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-04295-7","article-title":"Partial belong relation on soft separation axioms and decision-making problem, two birds with one stone","volume":"24","author":"Alshami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soft Computing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2018.06.005","article-title":"On soft topological ordered spaces","volume":"31","author":"Alshami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of King Saud University-Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00355-013-0766-7","article-title":"Dis&approval voting: a characterization","volume":"43","author":"Alcantud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Social Choice and Welfare"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40314-020-1098-8","article-title":"New types of soft rough sets in groups based on normal soft groups","volume":"39","author":"Ayub","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computational and Applied Mathematics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref13","first-page":"979","article-title":"Monotonic variable consistency rough set approaches","volume":"50","author":"B\u0142aszczy\u0144ski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2010.10.030","article-title":"Sequential covering rule induction algorithm for variable consistency rough set approaches","volume":"181","author":"B\u0142aszczy\u0144ski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2012.10.005","article-title":"Ordering based decision making- A survey","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2016.12.004","article-title":"Dominance-based rough fuzzy set approach and its application to rule induction","volume":"261","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref17","first-page":"69","article-title":"Soft rough sets applied to multicriteria group decision making","volume":"2","author":"Feng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of Fuzzy Mathematics and Informatics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-009-0465-6","article-title":"Soft sets combined with fuzzy sets and rough sets: a tentative approach","volume":"14","author":"Feng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soft Computing"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2010.11.004","article-title":"Soft sets and soft rough sets","volume":"181","author":"Feng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3829","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-017-2838-6","article-title":"N-soft sets and their decision making algorithms","volume":"22","author":"Fatimah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soft Computing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00127-1","article-title":"Rough approximation of a preference relation by dominance relations","volume":"117","author":"Greco","year":"1999","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greco S. , Matarazzo B. , S\u0142owi\u0144ski R. and Stefanowski J. , Variable consistency model of dominance-based rough sets approach. In International Conference on Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing (pp. 170\u2013181). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. (2000).","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45554-X_20"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/int.10014","article-title":"Rough approximation by dominance relations","volume":"17","author":"Greco","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(00)00167-3","article-title":"Rough sets theory for multicriteria decision analysis","volume":"129","author":"Greco","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref25","first-page":"161","article-title":"Extension of the rough set approach to multicriteria decision support","volume":"38","author":"Greco","year":"2000","journal-title":"INFOR: Information Systems and Operational Research"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herawan T. and Deris M.M. , On multi-soft sets construction in information systems. In International Conference on Intelligent Computing (pp. 101\u2013110). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. (2009).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04020-7_12"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref27","unstructured":"H\u00fcseyin K. and Petchimuthu S. , Bipolar N -soft set theory with applications, Soft Computing 2020(2) (2020)."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2009.02.003","article-title":"Variable-precision dominance-based rough set approach and attribute reduction","volume":"50","author":"Inuiguchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0898-1221(99)00056-5","article-title":"Soft set theory\u0105\u0142first results","volume":"37","author":"Molodtsov","year":"1999","journal-title":"Computers & Mathematics with Applications"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0898-1221(03)00016-6","article-title":"Soft set theory","volume":"45","author":"Maji","year":"2003","journal-title":"Computers & Mathematics with Applications"},{"issue":"8-9","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0898-1221(02)00216-X","article-title":"An application of soft sets in a decision making problem","volume":"44","author":"Maji","year":"2002","journal-title":"Computers & Mathematics with Applications"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pawlak Z. , Rough Sets: Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Data. Kluwer Academic Publishers (1992).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-3534-4_7"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01001956","article-title":"Rough sets","volume":"11","author":"Pawlak","year":"1982","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer & Information Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(94)90415-4","article-title":"Rough set approach to multi-attribute decision analysis","volume":"72","author":"Pawlak","year":"1994","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5345","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-191197","article-title":"Variable precision multi decision \u0142ambda-soft dominance based rough sets and their applications in conflict problems","volume":"36","author":"Rehman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1007\/s40815-019-00612-2","article-title":"A Novel Approach to Decision Analysis Using Dominance-Based Soft Rough Sets","volume":"21","author":"Shaheen","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45813-1_6","article-title":"Rough set analysis of preference-ordered data","volume":"2475","author":"S\u0142owi\u0144ski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2013.09.015","article-title":"Consensus-based decision support for multicriteria group decision making","volume":"66","author":"Wibowo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computers & Industrial Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-018-9617-3","article-title":"A novel type of soft rough covering and its application to multicriteria group decision making","volume":"52","author":"Zhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-200338_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.3233\/IFS-151892","article-title":"A method for multi-attribute decision making applying soft rough sets","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JIFS-200338","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:42:06Z","timestamp":1777455726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JIFS-200338"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-200338","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]}}}