{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:58:08Z","timestamp":1777705088398,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IFS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper develops a fuzzy two-layer supply chain for manufacturer and retailer with defective and non-defective types of products. The manufacturer produces up to a specific time, including faulty and non-defective items, and after the screening, the non-defective item sends to the retailer. The retailer\u2019s strategy is to do the screening of items received from the manufacturer; subsequently, the perfect quality items are used to fulfill the customer\u2019s demand, and the defective items are reworked. The retailer considers that customer demand is time and reliability dependent. The supply chain considers probabilistic deterioration for the manufacturer and retailers along with the strategies such as production rate, unit production cost, cost of idle time of manufacturer, screening, rework, etc. The optimum average profit of the integrated model is evaluated for both the cases crisp and fuzzy environments. Managerial insights and the effect of changes in the parameters\u2019 values on the optimal inventory policy under fuzziness are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-200562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T13:40:57Z","timestamp":1621345257000},"page":"3833-3847","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Two-echelon imperfect production fuzzy supply chain model for reliability dependent demand with probabilistic deterioration and rework"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Sudip","family":"Adak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.S.","family":"Mahapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 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