{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:48:55Z","timestamp":1777704535121,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IFS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study uses opinion dynamics to explore the influence of extremists in the consensus process of large group decision-making. When moderates are exposed to extremists, their risk preference will be affected. By using the opinion leader theory for reference, the influence model of extremists is constructed. To better study the influence of extremists, the similarity of risk preference between extremists and moderates is modeled to measure their similarity degree. From this model, for every moderate, the extremists are divided into two groups: homogeneous group and heterogeneous group. Finally, the risk preference evolution model is structured by considering that moderates change their risk preference dynamically according to their initial preference, their attitude towards the homogeneous groups, and the heterogeneous groups. Finding from data analysis shows that moderates with high acceptance toward the influence of extremists are more likely to reach group consensus. It is also found that the preference trend of moderates with a certain degree of acceptance toward heterogeneous groups fluctuates with a \u2018W\u2019 shape. This study bridges the gap between opinion dynamics and group decision making. Meanwhile, the model inspires new explanations and new perspectives for the group consensus process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-201106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T13:14:26Z","timestamp":1601990066000},"page":"7733-7746","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An evolution model of risk preference influenced by extremists in large group emergency consensus process"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuan-hua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Accountancy, Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201106_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219525900000078","article-title":"Mixing beliefs among interacting agents[J]","volume":"3","author":"Deffuant","year":"2000","journal-title":"Advances in Complex Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201106_ref2","unstructured":"Deffuant G. , Comparing extremism propagation patterns in continuous opinion models[J], Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 9(3), 2006."},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201106_ref3","unstructured":"Hegselmann R. and Krause U. , Opinion dynamics and bounded confidence models, analysis, and simulation[J], Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 5(3), 2002."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201106_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.81.591","article-title":"Statistical physics of social dynamics [J]","volume":"81","author":"Castellano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reviews of Modern Physics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201106_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.3934\/nhm.2015.10.477","article-title":"Opinion dynamics under the influence of radical groups, charismatic leaders, and other constant signals: A simple unifying model[J]","volume":"10","author":"Hegselmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"NHM"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201106_ref7","unstructured":"Deffuant G. , Amblard F. , Weisbuch G. , et al., How can extremism prevail? A study based on the relative agreement interaction model[J], Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 5(4), 2002."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201106_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.18564\/jasss.2967","article-title":"Bounded confidence model with fixed uncertainties and extremists: The opinions can keep fluctuating indefinitely[J]","volume":"19","author":"Mathias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201106_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2016.12.035","article-title":"An energy-like indicator to assess opinion resilience[J]","volume":"473","author":"Mathias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201106_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.05.146","article-title":"Simulating opinion dynamics on stakeholders\u2019 networks through agent-based modeling for collective transport decisions[J]","volume":"52","author":"Le Pira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201106_ref11","first-page":"96","article-title":"Research on preference convergence of group decision making under the condition of uncertainty information","volume":"1","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Operations Research and Management Science"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201106_ref12","first-page":"95","article-title":"Collective decision-making over complex networks[J]","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"CAAI Transactions on Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201106_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2017.11.009","article-title":"A survey on the fusion process in opinion dynamics[J]","volume":"43","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201106_ref14","first-page":"459","article-title":"Linguistic multi-attribute large group decision-making method based on similarity measurement of cloud model[J]","volume":"32","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Control and Decision"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201106_ref15","first-page":"1473","article-title":"Modeling on opinion leader\u2019s influence in microblog message propagation and its application[J]","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Soft"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201106_ref16","first-page":"1034","article-title":"Research on the group clustering method based on vector space[J]","volume":"27","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Systems Engineering and Electronics"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201106_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2013.2262769","article-title":"A consensus model to detect and manage non-cooperative behaviors in large scale group decision making[J]","volume":"3","author":"Palomares","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201106_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.09.006","article-title":"Opinion dynamics model based on the cognitive dissonance: An agent-based simulation[J]","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201106_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2018.01.011","article-title":"Personalized individual semantics based on consistency in hesitant linguistic group decision making with comparative linguistic expressions[J]","volume":"145","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JIFS-201106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:41:26Z","timestamp":1777455686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JIFS-201106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-201106","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]}}}