{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T15:13:24Z","timestamp":1770045204753,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IFS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Since the intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) was proposed by Atanassov, many explorations of this particular fuzzy set were conducted. One of the most important areas is the study of similarity and distance between IFSs, which can measure the degree of deviation of objects with uncertain and vague features, and this technique has great value and potential to solve the fuzzy and uncertain problems in the real world. Based on our previous similarity\/distance measure model DJJ\u00a0(\u03b1, \u03b2), a new method is proposed for improving the performance of similarity\/distance measure model of IFSs, which is derived from the sum of the areas of two triangles constructed by the transformed isosceles triangles of two IFSs. A great effort is made to prove the validity of the proposed method by mathematical derivation. In order to further demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, we apply this method to solve some practical problems such as pattern recognition, medical diagnosis, and cluster analysis. In addition, we also list a series of the existing methods which are used to compare with the proposed method to prove the effectiveness and superiority. The experimental results confirm that the performance of the proposed method exceeds most of the existing methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-201763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T13:06:01Z","timestamp":1614690361000},"page":"9289-9309","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An effective similarity\/distance measure between intuitionistic fuzzy sets based on the areas of transformed isosceles right triangle and its applications"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Jinfang","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software, Yunnan University, Kunming, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Cyberspace, Yunnan University, Kunming, China"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software, Yunnan University, Kunming, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Cyberspace, Yunnan University, Kunming, China"}]},{"given":"Shin-Jye","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technology Management, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software, Yunnan University, Kunming, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Cyberspace, Yunnan University, Kunming, China"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software, Yunnan University, Kunming, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Cyberspace, Yunnan University, Kunming, China"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10700-007-9004-z","article-title":"Some similarity measures of intuitionistic fuzzy sets and their applications to multiple attribute decision making","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2006.07.009","article-title":"Similarity Measures between Intuitionistic Fuzzy (Vague) Sets: A Comparative Analysis","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s10700-015-9215-7","article-title":"Entropy and similarity measure for Atannasov\u0105\u0155s interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets and their application","volume":"15","author":"Meng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","article-title":"Fuzzy sets","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1965","journal-title":"Information and Control"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(86)80034-3","article-title":"Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets","volume":"20","author":"Atanassov","year":"1986","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.06.008","article-title":"An Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set Based Hybrid Similarity Model for Recommender System","volume":"135","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2018.08.046","article-title":"A New Similarity\/Distance Measure between Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets Based on the Transformed Isosceles Triangles and Its Applications to Pattern Recognition","volume":"116","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Systems With Applications"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2016.01.040","article-title":"A Novel Similarity Measure between Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets Based on the Centroid Points of Transformed Fuzzy Numbers with Applications to Pattern Recognition,344}","volume":"343\u2013","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.11.029","article-title":"A Similarity Measure of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets Based on the Sugeno Integral with Its Application to Pattern Recognition","volume":"189","author":"Hwang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2013.08.013","article-title":"A Biparametric Similarity Measure on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets with Applications to Pattern Recognition","volume":"255","author":"Boran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2006.07.004","article-title":"Intuitionistic Fuzzy Information-Applications to Pattern Recognition","volume":"28","author":"Vlachos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2018.2852289","article-title":"Noise Robust Multiobjective Evolutionary Clustering Image Segmentation Motivated by the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Information","volume":"27","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref15","first-page":"3775","article-title":"Clustering Algorithm for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets. Information Sciences","volume":"178","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3715","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2018.2848245","article-title":"Novel Adaptive Clustering Algorithms Based on a Probabilistic Similarity Measure Over Atanassov Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set","volume":"26","author":"Lohani","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2015.12.002","article-title":"A Similarity Measure of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Sets and its Application in Medical Diagnosis","volume":"41","author":"Muthukumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(69)90591-9","article-title":"A New Approach to Clustering. Information and Control","volume":"15","author":"Ruspini","year":"1969","journal-title":"Information and Control"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2017.2701324","article-title":"A Three-Phase Method for Group Decision Making With Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Preference Relations","volume":"26","author":"Wan","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-017-2912-0","article-title":"A New Approach to Construct Similarity Measure for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets","volume":"23","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soft Computing"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref21","first-page":"153","article-title":"Similarity Measures between Vague Sets and between Elements","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions On Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-0255(98)10083-X","article-title":"A Note on Similarity Measures between Vague Sets and between Elements","volume":"115","author":"Hong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00110-6","article-title":"New Similarity Measures of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and Application to Pattern Recognitions","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00169-7","article-title":"On the Dengfeng'lCChuntian Similarity Measure and Its Application to Pattern Recognition","volume":"24","author":"Mitchell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00111-9","article-title":"Similarity Measures on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets","volume":"24","author":"Liang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2004.06.006","article-title":"Similarity Measures of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets Based on Hausdorff Distance","volume":"25","author":"Hung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1002\/int.20271","article-title":"On Similarity Measures between Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets","volume":"23","author":"Hung","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Intelligent systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcm.2010.07.022","article-title":"Cosine Similarity Measures for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and Their Applications","volume":"53","author":"Ye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mathematical and Computer Modelling"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2013.04.040","article-title":"New Distance Measures between Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and Interval-Valued Fuzzy Sets","volume":"245","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.04.056","article-title":"Vector Valued Similarity Measures for Atanassov\u0105\u0155s Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets","volume":"280","author":"Beliakov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(75)90036-5","article-title":"The Concept of A Linguistic Variable and Its Application to Approximate Reasoning-I","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1975","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2009.06.007","article-title":"Entropy of Intervalvalued Fuzzy Sets Based on Distance and Its Relationship with Similarity Measure","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2005.03.018","article-title":"Distance Measure between Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.3390\/sym10120753","article-title":"Another View of Aggregation Operators on Group-Based Generalized Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Sets: Multi-Attribute Decision Making Methods","volume":"10","author":"Hayat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2015.03.001","article-title":"Aggregation Distance Measure and Its Induced Similarity Measure between Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets,61","volume":"60{\u2013","author":"Du","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(94)00339-9","article-title":"Measures of Similarity between Vague Sets","volume":"74","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2006.10.002","article-title":"Similarity Measures of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets Based on Lp Metric","volume":"46","author":"Hung","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(93)90141-4","article-title":"A Comparative Assessment of Measures of Similarity of Fuzzy Values","volume":"56","author":"Pappis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.06.011","article-title":"A Distance Measure between Intuitionistic Fuzzy Belief Functions","volume":"86","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcm.2005.04.002","article-title":"New Similarity Measures between Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and between Elements","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mathematical and Computer Modelling"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.07.033","article-title":"A novel Similarity Measure between Atanassov\u0105\u0155s Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets Based on Transformation Techniques with Applications to Pattern Recognition","volume":"291","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.09.045","article-title":"A Novel Similarity\/Dissimilarity Measure for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and Its Application in Pattern Recognition","volume":"45","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2014.02.010","article-title":"Intuitionistic Fuzzy Similarity Measures Based on Frank T-norms Family","volume":"42","author":"Iancu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letter"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-201763_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2005.11.020","article-title":"Similarity Measures on Three Kinds of Fuzzy sets","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letter"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JIFS-201763","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T03:17:45Z","timestamp":1770002265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JIFS-201763"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-201763","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]}}}