{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:50:58Z","timestamp":1777704658108,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IFS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\u00a0The asset-based weapon target assignment (ABWTA) problem is one of the important branches of the weapon target assignment (WTA) problem. Due to the current large-scale battlefield environment, the ABWTA problem is a multi-objective optimization problem (MOP) with strong constraints, large-scale and sparse properties. The novel model of the ABWTA problem with the operation error parameter is established. An evolutionary algorithm for large-scale sparse problems (SparseEA) is introduced as the main framework for solving large-scale sparse ABWTA problem. The proposed framework (SparseEA-ABWTA) mainly addresses the issue that problem-specific initialization method and genetic operators with a reward strategy can generate solutions efficiently considering the sparsity of variables and an improved non-dominated solution selection method is presented to handle the constraints. Under the premise of constructing large-scale cases by the specific case generator, two numerical experiments on four outstanding multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) show Runtime of SparseEA-ABWTA is faster nearly 50% than others under the same convergence and the gap between MOEAs improved by the mechanism of SparseEA-ABWTA and SparseEA-ABWTA is reduced to nearly 20% in the convergence and distribution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-202679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T16:49:03Z","timestamp":1619196543000},"page":"10043-10061","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A multi-objective sparse evolutionary framework for large-scale weapon target assignment based on a reward strategy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Control and Simulation Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control and Simulation Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shenmin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Control Theory and Guidance Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control and Simulation Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1987.1104607","article-title":"Command and control (C2) theory: A challenge to control science","volume":"32","author":"Athans","year":"1987","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.6.3.346","article-title":"A target-assignment problem","volume":"6","author":"Manne","year":"1958","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2019.01.015","article-title":"Weapon target assignment optimization for land based multi-air defense systems: A goal programming approach","volume":"128","author":"Hocao\u011flu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers & Industrial Engineering"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2010.2049261","article-title":"Efficient decision makings for dynamic weapon-target assignment by virtual permutation and tabu search heuristics","volume":"40","author":"Xin","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2018.10.015","article-title":"The weapon-target assignment problem","volume":"105","author":"Kline","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.1070.0440","article-title":"Exact and heuristic algorithms for the weapon-target assignment problem","volume":"55","author":"Ahuja","year":"2007","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2006.09.011","article-title":"Air defense missile-target allocation models for a naval task group","volume":"35","author":"Karasakal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1007\/s11590-014-0823-x","article-title":"Optimal multi-stage allocation of weapons to targets using adaptive dynamic programming","volume":"9","author":"Ahner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Optimization Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-4946(02)00027-3","article-title":"An immunity-based ant colony optimization algorithm for solving weapon-target assignment problem","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2003.808174","article-title":"Efficiently solving general weapon-target assignment problem by genetic algorithms with greedy eugenics","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B (Cybernetics)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2009.2030163","article-title":"Constrained weapon\u2013target assignment: Enhanced very large scale neighborhood search algorithm","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics-Part A: Systems and Humans"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2010.2089511","article-title":"An efficient rule-based constructive heuristic to solve dynamic weapon-target assignment problem","volume":"41","author":"Xin","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics-Part A: Systems and Humans"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2015.12.122","article-title":"Adaptive chaos parallel clonal selection algorithm for objective optimization in WTA application","volume":"127","author":"Hongtao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Optik"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1080\/17517575.2016.1177207","article-title":"The solution of target assignment problem in command and control decisionmaking behaviour simulation","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Enterprise Information Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2016.11.023","article-title":"Approximate dynamic programming for missile defense interceptor fire control","volume":"259","author":"Davis","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Y. , Kou Y. , Li Z. , Xu A. and Chang Y. , A modified pareto ant colony optimization approach to solve biobjective weapon-target assignment problem, International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2017 (2017).","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1746124"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Y. , Kou Y. and Li Z. , An improved nondominated sorting genetic algorithm iii method for solving multiobjective weapon-target assignment part i: the value of fighter combat, International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2018 (2018).","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8302324"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li X. , Zhou D. , Pan Q. , Tang Y. and Huang J. , Weapon-target assignment problem by multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition, Complexity 2018 (2018).","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8623051"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu H. , Xing Q. and Tian Z. , MOQPSO-D\/S for air and missile defense WTA problem under uncertainty, Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017).","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9897153"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.112844","article-title":"A bi-objective dynamic collaborative task assignment under uncertainty using modified MOEA\/D with heuristic initialization","volume":"140","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref28","unstructured":"Zitzler E. , Laumanns M. and Thiele L. , SPEA2: Improving the strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm, TIKreport 103 (2001)."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.996017","article-title":"A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II","volume":"6","author":"Deb","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2004.826067","article-title":"Handling multiple objectives with particle swarm optimization","volume":"8","author":"Coello","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on evolutionary computation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2007.892759","article-title":"MOEA\/D: A multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3685","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-18482","article-title":"Distributed mmas for weapon target assignment based on spark framework","volume":"35","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3233\/IDA-1997-1302","article-title":"Feature selection for classification","volume":"1","author":"Dash","year":"1997","journal-title":"Intelligent Data Analysis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2019.2918140","article-title":"An evolutionary algorithm for large-scale sparse multiobjective optimization problems","volume":"24","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2014.2308305","article-title":"An efficient approach to nondominated sorting for evolutionary multiobjective optimization","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref41","first-page":"181","article-title":"Tournament selection","volume":"1","author":"Blickle","year":"2000","journal-title":"Evolutionary Computation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disopt.2006.10.012","article-title":"New updating criteria for conflict-based branching heuristics in DPLL algorithms for satisfiability","volume":"5","author":"Bruni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Discrete Optimization"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jibs.8400399","article-title":"A framework to update Hofstede\u2019s cultural value indices: economic dynamics and institutional stability","volume":"39","author":"Tang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of International Business Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2013.2281535","article-title":"An evolutionary manyobjective optimization algorithm using reference-point-based nondominated sorting approach, Part I: solving problems with box constraints","volume":"18","author":"Deb","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref45","first-page":"30","article-title":"A combined genetic adaptive search (GeneAS) for engineering design","volume":"26","author":"Deb","year":"1996","journal-title":"Computer Science and Informatics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2017.2671462","article-title":"DMOEA-\"C: Decomposition-Based Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm With the \u201c-Constraint Framework","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2017.2749619","article-title":"An indicator-based multiobjective evolutionary algorithm with reference point adaptation for better versatility","volume":"22","author":"Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.797969","article-title":"Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms: a comparative case study and the strength pareto approach","volume":"3","author":"Zitzler","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Audet C. , Denni J. , Moore D. , Booker A. and Frank P. , A surrogate-model-based method for constrained optimization. In 8th symposium on multidisciplinary analysis and optimization, 4891 (2000).","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2000-4891"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2018.02.020","article-title":"An adaptive response surface method and gaussian global-best harmony search algorithm for optimization of aircraft stiffened panels","volume":"66","author":"Keshtegar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-202679_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-020-02493-8","article-title":"Adaptive infill sampling criterion for multi-fidelity gradient-enhanced kriging model","volume":"62","author":"Hao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JIFS-202679","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:41:43Z","timestamp":1777455703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JIFS-202679"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-202679","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]}}}