{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T11:51:51Z","timestamp":1770033111083,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IFS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Word sense disambiguation (WSD) refers to determining the right meaning of a vague word using its context. The WSD intermediately consolidates the performance of final tasks to achieve high accuracy. Mainly, a WSD solution improves the accuracy of text summarisation, information retrieval, and machine translation. This study addresses the WSD by assigning a set of senses to a given text, where the maximum semantic relatedness is obtained. This is achieved by proposing a swarm intelligence method, called firefly algorithm (FA) to find the best possible set of senses. Because of the FA is based on a population of solutions, it explores the problem space more than exploiting it. Hence, we hybridise the FA with a one-point search algorithm to improve its exploitation capacity. Practically, this hybridisation aims to maximise the semantic relatedness of an eligible set of senses. In this study, the semantic relatedness is measured by proposing a glosses-overlapping method enriched by the notion of information content. To evaluate the proposed method, we have conducted intensive experiments with comparisons to the related works based on benchmark datasets. The obtained results showed that our method is comparable if not superior to the related works. Thus, the proposed method can be considered as an efficient solver for the WSD task.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-210934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T12:54:36Z","timestamp":1636462476000},"page":"7047-7061","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Semantic relatedness maximisation for word sense disambiguation using a hybrid firefly algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Aws Hamed","family":"Hamad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research, Baghdad, Iraq"}]},{"given":"Ali Abdulkareem","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Information Technology and Communications, Baghdad, Iraq"}]},{"given":"Saad Adnan","family":"Abed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Performance Cloud Computing Center, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-210934_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0136614","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136614","article-title":"Harmony search algorithm for word sense disambiguation","volume":"10","author":"Abed","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-210934_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1080\/09540091.2016.1141874","article-title":"Word sense disambiguation in evolutionary manner","volume":"28","author":"Abed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Connection Science"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-210934_ref3","volume-title":"Word sense disambiguation: Algorithms and applications","author":"Agirre","year":"2007"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-210934_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6193","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-179701","article-title":"Solving word sense disambiguation problem using combinatorial pso","volume":"38","author":"Ajeena Beegom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-210934_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19066-2_56","volume-title":"Current Approaches in Applied Artificial Intelligence","author":"Alsaeedan","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-210934_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2019.105728","article-title":"An improved hybrid firefly algorithm for capacitated vehicle routing problem","volume":"84","author":"Altabeeb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-210934_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banerjee S. and Pedersen T. , An adapted lesk algorithm for word sense disambiguation using wordnet, In International conference on intelligent text processing and computational linguistics, pages 136\u2013145. 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