{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T04:23:38Z","timestamp":1769833418226,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IFS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The failure of complex engineering systems is easy to lead to disastrous consequences. To prevent the failure, it is necessary to model complex engineering systems using probabilistic techniques with limited data which is a major feature of complex engineering systems. It is a good choice to perform such modeling using Bayesian network because of its advantages in probabilistic modeling. However, few Bayesian network structural learning algorithms are designed for complex engineering systems with limited data. Therefore, an algorithm for learning the Bayesian network structure of them should be developed. Based on the process of self-purification of water, a complex engineering system is segmented into three components according to the degree of difficulty in solving them. And then a Bayesian network learning algorithm with three components (TC), including PC algorithm, MIK algorithm which is originated by the paper through combining Mutual Information and K2 algorithm, and the Hill-Climbing method, is developed, i.e. TC algorithm. To verify its effectiveness, TC algorithm, K2 algorithm, and Max-Min Hill-Climbing are respectively used to learn Alarm network with different sizes of samples. The results imply that TC algorithm has the best performance. Finally, TC algorithm is applied to study tank spill accidents with 220 samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-211354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T11:41:56Z","timestamp":1635507716000},"page":"1991-2004","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Bayesian network structural learning algorithm for calculating the failure probabilities of complex engineering systems with limited data"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Construction Third Engineering Bureau Infrastructure Construction Investment Co., LTD, Wuhan, PR China"}]},{"given":"Tianbao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Construction Third Engineering Bureau Infrastructure Construction Investment Co., LTD, Wuhan, PR China"}]},{"given":"Ruojun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University, Shenyang, PR China"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Construction Third Engineering Bureau Infrastructure Construction Investment Co., LTD, Wuhan, PR China"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-211354_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s13194-012-0056-8","article-title":"What is a complex system?","volume":"3","author":"James","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-211354_ref2","first-page":"21","article-title":"Real time speed control of three phase induction motor by using lab view with fuzzy logic","volume":"5","author":"Santhiya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal on Science Engineering and Technology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-211354_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7633","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2621338","article-title":"Robust optimization for dynamic economic dispatch under wind power uncertainty with different levels of uncertainty budget","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-211354_ref4","first-page":"14","article-title":"Solar roadways-the future rebuilding infrastructure and economy","volume":"4","author":"Hemalatha","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-211354_ref5","first-page":"327","article-title":"Fuzzy grammar based hybrid split-capacitors and split inductors applied in positive output luo-converters","author":"Dhivya","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-211354_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2016.09.013","article-title":"Lack of dynamic leadership skills and human failure contribution analysis to manage risk in deep water horizon oil platform","volume":"92","author":"Pranesh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Safety Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-211354_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlp.2011.12.003","article-title":"A hazards assessment methodology for large liquid hydrocarbon fuel tanks","volume":"25","author":"Argyropoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-211354_ref8","first-page":"86","article-title":"Lack of dynamic leadership skills and human failure contribution analysis to manage risk in deep water horizon oil platform","volume":"59","author":"Pranesha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Safety. 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