{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T16:25:21Z","timestamp":1778171121032,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Process capability analysis (PCA) is a tool for measuring a process\u2019s ability to meet specification limits (SLs), which the customers define. Process capability indices (PCIs) are used for establishing a relationship between SLs and the considered process\u2019s ability to meet these limits as an index. PCA compares the output of a process with the SLs through these capability indices. If the customers\u2019 needs contain vague or imprecise terms, the classical methods are inadequate to solve the problem. In such cases, the information can be processed by the fuzzy set theory. Recently, ordinary fuzzy sets have been extended to several new types of fuzzy sets such as intuitionistic fuzzy sets, Pythagorean fuzzy sets, picture fuzzy sets, and spherical fuzzy sets. In this paper, a new extension of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, which is called penthagorean fuzzy sets, is proposed, and penthagorean fuzzy PCIs are developed. The design of production processes for COVID-19 has gained tremendous importance today. Surgical mask production and design have been chosen as the application area of the penthagorean fuzzy PCIs developed in this paper. PCA of the two machines used in surgical mask production has been handled under the penthagorean fuzzy environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-219205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T10:20:21Z","timestamp":1626430821000},"page":"477-489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Process design and capability analysis using penthagorean fuzzy sets: surgical mask production machines comparison"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Elif","family":"Haktan\u0131r","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul Technical University","place":["Turkey"]},{"name":"Altinbas University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cengiz","family":"Kahraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul Technical University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZadehL.A. Fuzzy Sets Information and Control (1965) 338\u2013353.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/607\/1\/012002","article-title":"Application of design for sixsigma (DFSS) in sustainable product design: A case study on anelectric kettle","volume":"607","author":"Hassan M.F.","year":"2019","unstructured":"HassanM.F., Chandra MohanT.R., IsmailA.E., TaibI., MahmoodS. and KafukuJ.M., Application of design for sixsigma (DFSS) in sustainable product design: A case study on anelectric kettle, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science andEngineering 607(1) (2019).","journal-title":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science andEngineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechmachtheory.2018.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/machines7030052"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","article-title":"Application of design for six sigma methodology on portable water filter that uses membrane filtration system: A preliminary study","volume":"243","author":"Fahrul Hassan M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fahrul HassanM., JusohS., Zaini YunosM., ArifinA.M.T., IsmailA.E., Rasidi IbrahimM. and Zulafif RahimM., Application of design for six sigma methodology on portable water filter that uses membrane filtration system: A preliminary study, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 243(1) (2017).","journal-title":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJSSCA.2016.080446"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2009.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","first-page":"212","article-title":"Process capability analysis using fuzzy sets theory","volume":"2061","author":"Mu\u00f1oz J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1ozJ., Process capability analysis using fuzzy sets theory, Proceedings of SPIE - the International Society for Optical Engineering 2061 (1993), 212\u2013223.","journal-title":"Proceedings of SPIE - the International Society for Optical Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(95)00383-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-0136(97)00348-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001700050115"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-3995.00384"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-002-1398-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-002-1487-8"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","first-page":"546","article-title":"Confidence interval for fuzzy process capability index","volume":"4","author":"Parchami A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"ParchamiA., MashinchiM. and MalekiH.R., Confidence interval for fuzzy process capability index, WSEAS Transactions on Systems 4(5) (2005), 546\u2013551.","journal-title":"WSEAS Transactions on Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","unstructured":"AltaraziS.A. and Hossein CheraghiS. Fuzzy process capability evaluation (FPCE) IIE Annual Conference and Exposition (2005)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-005-0052-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2006.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KahramanC. and KayaI. Process improvement using fuzzy robust process capability indices World Scientific Proceedings Series on Computer Engineering and Information Science 1; Computational Intelligence in Decision and Control - Proceedings of the 8th International FLINS Conference (2008) 355\u2013360.","DOI":"10.1142\/9789812799470_0058"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KayaI. and KahramanC. Fuzzy process accuracy index as a decision making tool World Scientific Proceedings Series on Computer Engineering and Information Science 1; Computational Intelligence in Decision and Control - Proceedings of the 8th International FLINS Conference (2008) 343\u2013348.","DOI":"10.1142\/9789812799470_0056"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2007.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/IFS-2008-00398"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KayaI. and KahramanC. On process capability analysis under fuzzy normal distribution Proceedings of 2008 3rd International Conference on Intelligent System and Knowledge Engineering ISKE 2008 (2008) 424\u2013428.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISKE.2008.4730967"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2007.11.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-008-0238-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","unstructured":"Bedn\u00e1rJ. and Kovar\u00edkov\u00e1L. Fuzzy process capability Mendel (2010) 223\u2013228."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02664760802695785"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KahramanC. and Kaya\u0130. Fuzzy estimation of process accuracy index Computational Intelligence Foundations and Applications - Proceedings of the 9th International FLINS Conference FLINS 2010 (2010) 215\u2013221.","DOI":"10.1142\/9789814324700_0031"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JTE102480"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-008-9211-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/18756891.2011.9727812"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.11.101"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207720903267890"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhaoK. Process control of minimax based on the process target and on process capability index in fuzzy environment Proceedings - 2011 8th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery FSKD 2011 (2011) 673\u2013676.","DOI":"10.1109\/FSKD.2011.6019697"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.05.059"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2011.578168"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610926.2010.546547"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28592-9_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-012-4003-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJQET.2013.055875"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2014.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/18756891.2013.858905"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","first-page":"95","article-title":"Fuzzy process capability indices using Clements\u2019 method for non-normal processes","volume":"22","author":"Senvar O.","year":"2014","unstructured":"SenvarO. and KahramanC., Fuzzy process capability indices using Clements\u2019 method for non-normal processes, Journal of Multiple-Valued Logic and Soft Computing 22(1-2) (2014), 95\u2013121.","journal-title":"Journal of Multiple-Valued Logic and Soft Computing"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17906-3_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3901\/JME.2015.23.116"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-015-7742-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2016.2517337"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JTE20150262"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/ijcis.2017.10.1.48"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-141877"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40314-018-0657-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HesamianG. and AkbariM.G. A process capability index for normal random variable with intuitionistic fuzzy information Operational Research (2019) article in press.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12351-019-00490-4"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","first-page":"1120","article-title":"A fuzzy-logic approach for developing variables control charts and process capability indices under linguistic measurements","volume":"14","author":"Al-Refaie A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-RefaieA., ObaidatA., FouadR.H. and HanaynehB., A fuzzy-logic approach for developing variables control charts and process capability indices under linguistic measurements, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 14(6) (2019), 1120\u20131139.","journal-title":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40815-018-0560-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35940\/ijeat.A1259.109119"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JTE20180038"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2020.103296"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haktan\u0131rE. and KahramanC. Design for Six Sigma and Process Capability Using Penthagorean Fuzzy Sets In: Kahraman C. Cevik Onar S. Oztaysi B. Sari I. Cebi S. Tolga A. (eds) Intelligent and Fuzzy Techniques: Smart and Innovative Solutions. INFUS 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing vol 1197. Springer Cham (2021).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51156-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2016.2604005"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Relationship of Fabric Properties andBacterial Filtration Efficiency for SelectedSurgical Face Masks","volume":"3","author":"Leonas K.","year":"2003","unstructured":"LeonasK. and JonesC.R., The Relationship of Fabric Properties andBacterial Filtration Efficiency for SelectedSurgical Face Masks, Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technologyand Management 3(2) (2003), 1\u20138.","journal-title":"Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technologyand Management"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CuongB.C. and KreinovichV. Picture fuzzy sets - A new concept for computational intelligence problems 2013 Third World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies (WICT 2013) Hanoi Vietnam (2013) 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1109\/WICT.2013.7113099"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-181401"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-04222-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-189072"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-018-3140-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00d6ztay\u015fiB. \u00c7evik OnarS. Bolt\u00fcrkE. and KahramanC. Hesitant fuzzy analytic hierarchy process p. 51 FUZZ IEEE 2015 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems August 2-5 Istanbul Turkey (2015).","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZ-IEEE.2015.7337948"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-219205","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JIFS-219205","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-219205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:44:04Z","timestamp":1777455844000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JIFS-219205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JIFS-219205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-219205","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]}}}