{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:10:14Z","timestamp":1777705814804,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\u00a0A current challenge for autonomous vehicles is the detection of irregularities on road surfaces in order to prevent accidents; in particular, speed bump detection is an important task for safe and comfortable autonomous navigation. There are some techniques that have achieved acceptable speed bump detection under optimal road surface conditions, especially when signs are well-marked. However, in developing countries it is very common to find unmarked speed bumps and existing techniques fail. In this paper a methodology to detect both marked and unmarked speed bumps is proposed, for clearly painted speed bumps we apply local binary patterns technique to extract features from an image dataset. For unmarked speed bump detection, we apply stereo vision where point clouds obtained by the 3D reconstruction are converted to triangular meshes by applying Delaunay triangulation. A selection and extraction of the most relevant features is made to speed bump elevation on surfaces meshes. Results obtained have an important contribution and improve some of the existing techniques since the reconstruction of three-dimensional meshes provides relevant information for the detection of speed bumps by elevations on surfaces even though they are not marked.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-219256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T10:27:46Z","timestamp":1640341666000},"page":"4685-4697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Marked and unmarked speed bump detection for autonomous vehicles using stereo vision"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Ana Luisa","family":"Ballinas-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Puebla, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Olmos-Pineda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Puebla, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Arturo","family":"Olvera-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Puebla, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"469","article-title":"A Novel Approach for the Detection of Road Speed Bumps using Accelerometer Sensor","volume":"9","author":"Al-Shargabi B.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-ShargabiB., HassanM. and Al-RousanT., A Novel Approach for the Detection of Road Speed Bumps using Accelerometer Sensor, Technology, Education, Management, Informatics Journal9(2) (2020), 469\u2013476.","journal-title":"Technology, Education, Management, Informatics Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2019.101103"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","first-page":"133","article-title":"Fuzzy inference system for speed bumps detection using smart phone accelerometer sensor","volume":"9","author":"Aljaafreh A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"AljaafrehA., AlawasaK., Alja\u2019afrehS. and AbadlehA., Fuzzy inference system for speed bumps detection using smart phone accelerometer sensor, Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC)9(2\u20137) (2017), 133\u2013136.","journal-title":"Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC)"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ArunpriyanJ. 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