{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:10:18Z","timestamp":1777705818854,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents the technical proposal of a novel approach based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to recommend personalized microlearning paths considering the learning needs of the learner. In this study, the information of the learner was considered from a disciplinary ICT perspective, since the characteristics of our learner correspond to those of a professor with variable characteristics, such as the level of knowledge and their learning status. The recommendation problem is approached as an instance of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), the educational pills represent the cities, the paths are the relationships between educational pills, the cost of going from one pill to another can be estimated by their degree of difficulty as well as the performance of the learner during the individual test. The results prove the approach proposal capacity to suggest microlearning path personalized recommendation according to the different levels of knowledge of the learners. The higher the number of learners, the behavior of the algorithm benefits in terms of stability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-219257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T10:27:52Z","timestamp":1640341672000},"page":"4699-4708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Microlearning path recommendation approach based on ant colony optimization"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Alma Eloisa","family":"Rodriguez-Medina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Estadistica e Informatica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saul","family":"Dominguez-Isidro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Nacional de Informatica Avanzada, Xalapa, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Ramirez-Martinell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Estadistica e Informatica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"UNESCO Situaci\u00f3n Educativa de Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe: Hacia la educaci\u00f3n de calidad para todos al 2015 Santiago de Chile: Ediciones del Imbunche (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguezA.E. and Ram\u00edrezA. Recommender System in Higher Education: A Preliminary Study of State of the art In proceedings of the 2019 XIV Latin American Conference on Learning Technologies (LACLO) (2019) 231\u2013236.","DOI":"10.1109\/LACLO49268.2019.00047"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","unstructured":"CoboC. La innovaci\u00f3n pendiente. Reflexiones (y provocaciones) sobre educaci\u00f3n tecnolog\u00eda y conocimiento Montevideo: Colecci\u00f3n Fundaci\u00f3n Ceibal Debate (2016)."},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Esquema de una agenda de microaprendizaje","author":"Hug T.","year":"2009","unstructured":"HugT., Esquema de una agenda de microaprendizaje, eLearning Papers (16) (2009), 1\u201315.","journal-title":"eLearning Papers"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"Analysis of the production of educational pills: a case in higher education","volume":"1","author":"Rodr\u00edguez A.E.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguezA.E. and Ram\u00edrez MartinellA., Analysis of the production of educational pills: a case in higher education, Revista Paraguaya de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia, FACEN-UNA1(2) (2020), 53\u201366.","journal-title":"Revista Paraguaya de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia, FACEN-UNA"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JiangY. ZhanH. and ZhuangQ. Application research on personalized recommendation in distance education In proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Computer Appli cation and System Modeling (ICCASM 2010) Taiyuan China (2010) 13\u2013360.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCASM.2010.5622798"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","first-page":"84","article-title":"Research of Personalized Learning Resource Recommendation Based on Learner\u2019s FDI Shanghai, China","volume":"2008","author":"Ruan Z.","year":"2008","unstructured":"RuanZ., JinY. and LinZ., Research of Personalized Learning Resource Recommendation Based on Learner\u2019s FDI Shanghai, China, In proceedings of the 2008 International Workshop on Education Technology and Training and 2008 International Workshop on Geoscience and Remote Sensing200884\u201387. (2008).","journal-title":"In proceedings of the 2008 International Workshop on Education Technology and Training and 2008 International Workshop on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2015.2438867"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NabizadehA.H. M\u00e1rio Jorge yA. and Paulo LealJ. RUTICO: Recommending Successful Learning Paths Under Time Constraints Adjunct Publication of the 25th Conference on User Modeling Adaptation and Personalization Association for Computing Machinery (2017) 153\u2013158.","DOI":"10.1145\/3099023.3099035"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhuY. WangP. Fan yY. and ChenY. Research of Learning Path Recommendation Algorithm Based on Knowledge Graph In proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Information Engineering Dalian Liaoning China (2017).","DOI":"10.1145\/3078564.3078567"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saito yT. and WatanobeY. Learning Path Recommender System based on Recurrent Neural Network In proceedings of the 2018 9th International Conference on Awareness Science and Technology (iCAST) (2018) 324\u2013329.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAwST.2018.8517231"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.12.063"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhaoQ. Zhang yY. and ChenJ. An Improved Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Recommendation of Micro-Learning Path In proceedings of the 2016 IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT) (2016) 190\u2013196.","DOI":"10.1109\/CIT.2016.47"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MengyuanC. MingwenT. Chun MiaoL. Meimei yH. and YingX. Recommendation of Learning Path Using an Improved ACO Based on Novel Coordinate System In proceedings of the 2017 6th IIAI International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI) (2017) 747\u2013753.","DOI":"10.1109\/IIAI-AAI.2017.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","unstructured":"Casillas yM. and Ram\u00edrez MartinellA. Una metodolog\u00eda para la incorporaci\u00f3n de las TIC al curr\u00edculum universitario de Saberes digitales en la educaci\u00f3n: una investigaci\u00f3n sobre el capital tecnol\u00f3gico incorporado de los agentes de la educaci\u00f3n C\u00f3rdoba Brujas (2021) 97\u2013113."}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-219257","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JIFS-219257","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-219257","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:45:19Z","timestamp":1777455919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JIFS-219257"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JIFS-219257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-219257","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]}}}