{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T04:54:59Z","timestamp":1769835299172,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This research analyzed the relationship between openness to agricultural exchange, foreign direct investment, capital, consumer price index, and GDP in Pakistan utilizing time series data for the 1971-2019 period. We used autoregressive distributed lag ARDL-bound testing method to analyze the long-run and short-run correlation between projected variables. The study\u2019s findings also confirmed a positive and important long-term correlation between openness to agricultural trade, foreign direct investment and Pakistan\u2019s economic development. There is no long-run relationship between consumer price and economic growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-219311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T13:42:43Z","timestamp":1646746963000},"page":"2115-2119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Empirical analysis of agricultural trade liberalization and economic growth in Pakistan ARDL approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Saima Ashraf","family":"Awan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Economics and Management, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Imran","family":"Tariq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Peifen","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Economics and Management, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"379","volume":"89","author":"Frankel J.A.","year":"1999","unstructured":"FrankelJ.A. and RomerD.H.J.A.E.R., Does Trade Cause Growth? 89(3) (1999), 379\u2013399.","journal-title":"Does Trade Cause Growth?"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","unstructured":"BergA. and KruegerA.O. Trade growth and poverty: A selective survey. in Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 2003: The New Reform Agenda. 2003. 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