{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T19:55:22Z","timestamp":1769716522406,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IFS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With the increasing variety of display devices, image retargeting has become an indispensable technology for adjusting the aspect ratio of images to adapt to different display terminals. Since the retargeting operation would cause geometric distortion and content loss of the image, the image retargeting quality assessment (IRQA) is necessary to guide the retargeting algorithm\u2019s optimization, selection, and design. Our paper mainly works for systematically reviewing the state-of-the-art technologies in IRQA. And then, this paper further discusses image registration algorithms for matching the original image and the retargeted image. Next, we investigate the feature measurement methods for image retargeting quality evaluation. To facilitate the quantitative assessment of the IRQA methods, this paper gives a list of publicly open datasets and the performance of the mainstream methods. Finally, some promising research directions towards IRQA are pointed out. From this survey, engineers from the industry may find skills to improve their image retargeting systems, and researchers from academia may find ideas to conduct some innovative work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-220456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T13:46:55Z","timestamp":1655819215000},"page":"1921-1942","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Image retargeting quality assessment: A survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Yingchun","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2020.2977943","article-title":"Weakly supervised reinforced multi-operator image retargeting","volume":"31","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11917","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-10185-0","article-title":"Context-aware saliency detection for image retargeting using convolutional neural networks","volume":"80","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools and Applications"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s41095-021-0216-x","article-title":"Image resizing by reconstruction from deep features","volume":"7","author":"Danon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computational Visual Media"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2020.2998087","article-title":"Image retargeting quality assessment based on registration confidence measure and noticeability-based pooling","volume":"31","author":"Niu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1109\/76.927424","article-title":"Color and texture descriptors","volume":"11","author":"Manjunath","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1531326.1531329","article-title":"Multi-operator media retargeting","volume":"28","author":"Rubinstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on graphics (TOG)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2019.2923998","article-title":"Ranking-preserving cross-source learning for image retargeting quality assessment","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.147","article-title":"Sift flow: dense correspondence across scenes and its applications","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2019.2932566","article-title":"Semantic segmentation guided pixel fusion for image retargeting","volume":"22","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2012.2211996","article-title":"Image retargeting quality assessment: a study of subjective scores and objective metrics","volume":"6","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2022.108496","article-title":"A comprehensive review on content-aware image retargeting: From classical to state-of-the-art methods,","volume":"195","author":"Asheghi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Processing"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bay H. , Tuytelaars T. , Gool L.V. Surf: speeded up robust features, European conference on computerVision. Springer 2006, 404\u2013417.","DOI":"10.1007\/11744023_32"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4286","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2016.2585884","article-title":"Backward registration-based aspect ratio similarity for image retargeting quality assessment","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1109\/JETCAS.2014.2298919","article-title":"Objective quality assessment for image retargeting based on structural similarity","volume":"4","author":"Fang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2014.2311884","article-title":"Objective quality assessmentfor image retargeting based on perceptual geometric distortion andinformation loss","volume":"8","author":"Hsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in SignalProcessing"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3888","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2012.2199126","article-title":"Saliency detection in the compressed domain for adaptive image retargeting","volume":"21","author":"Fang","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3390\/info10030111","article-title":"Content-aware retargeted imagequality assessment","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Information"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2016.2614187","article-title":"No-reference retargeted image quality assessment based on pairwise rank learning","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011139631724","article-title":"Modeling the shape of the scene: a holistic representation of the spatial envelope","volume":"42","author":"Oliva","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2017.2690452","article-title":"Learning sparse representation for objective image retargeting quality assessment","volume":"48","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9776","DOI":"10.3390\/app11209776","article-title":"Reduced reference quality assessment for image retargeting by earth mover\u2019s distance","volume":"11","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref40","first-page":"444","article-title":"Image retargeting quality assessment based on support vector regression,","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Signal Processing: Image Communication"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2761556","article-title":"Multiple-level feature-based measure for retargeted image quality","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref42","first-page":"171","article-title":"Image retargeting quality assessment based on content deformation measurement,","volume":"67","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Signal Processing: Image Communication"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91912","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2927032","article-title":"A content-aware image retargeting quality assessment method using foreground and global measurement,","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref44","first-page":"2487","article-title":"Retargeted image quality assessment based on multi-scale distortion-aware feature","volume":"45","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2517641","article-title":"Objective quality prediction of image retargeting algorithms","volume":"23","author":"Liang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref46","first-page":"12","article-title":"Learning quality assessment of retargeted images,","volume":"56","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Signal Processing: Image Communication"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5138","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2736422","article-title":"Full reference quality assessment for image retargeting based on natural scene statistics modeling and bi-directional saliency similarity","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2017.11.011","article-title":"A bi-directional evaluation-based approach for image retargeting quality assessment","volume":"168","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computer Vision and Image Understanding"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref49","first-page":"3053","article-title":"Transformation-aware similarity measurement for image retargeting quality assessment via bidirectional rewarping","volume":"51","author":"Shao","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2018.2864158","article-title":"A deep evaluator for image retargeting quality by geometrical and contextual interaction","volume":"50","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12008","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2808322","article-title":"Quality assessment of retargeted images using hand-crafted and deep-learned features","volume":"6","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2020.3016124","article-title":"Quality evaluation for image retargeting with instance semantics","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-019-2757-1","article-title":"Perceptual image quality assessment: a survey","volume":"63","author":"Zhai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science China Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1973.4309314","article-title":"K Shanmugam and I H Dinstein, Textural features for image classification,","volume":"6","author":"Haralick","year":"1973","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref57","first-page":"012064","article-title":"Visual attention fusion framework for image retargeting quality assessment,","volume":"234","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2651399","article-title":"Deep aesthetic quality assessment with semantic information","volume":"26","author":"Kao","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2009.2025923","article-title":"Z.Wang, S. Gupta, et al., Complex wavelet structural similarity: a new image similarity index","volume":"18","author":"Sampat","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on image Processing"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(01)00027-2","article-title":"Three learning phases for radial-basis-function networks","volume":"14","author":"Schwenker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1109\/72.97934","article-title":"A general regression neural network","volume":"2","author":"Specht","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on neural Networks"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bengio Y. , Lamblin P. , Popovici D. et al., Greedy layer-wise training of deep networks, , Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 19 (2006).","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7503.003.0024"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2021.107432","article-title":"Ambiguous D-means fusion clustering algorithm based on ambiguous set theory: Special application in clustering of CT scan images of COVID-19","volume":"231","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.2307\/2334029","article-title":"Rank analysis of incomplete block designs: i. the method of paired comparisons","volume":"39","author":"Bradley","year":"1952","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1618452.1618471","article-title":"Optimized image resizing using seam carving and scaling","volume":"28","author":"Dong","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5980","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2746260","article-title":"Objective quality assessment of image retargeting by incorporating fidelity measures and inconsistency detection","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2016.12.011","article-title":"Quality assessment of retargeted images by salient region deformity analysis","volume":"43","author":"Karimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38544","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2853100","article-title":"Multi-temporal remote sensing image registration using deep convolutional features,","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.07.063","article-title":"Semantic-aware data quality assessment for image big data","volume":"102","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2018.01.003","article-title":"Deep learning for smart manufacturing: methods and applications,","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Manufacturing Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.04.013","article-title":"Reflection symmetry aware image retargeting,","volume":"125","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2019.2893835","article-title":"Detecting approximate reflection symmetry in a point set using optimization on manifold","volume":"67","author":"Nagar","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5709","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i04.6026","article-title":"Revisiting image aesthetic assessment via self-supervised feature learning","volume":"34","author":"Sheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2020.3008054","article-title":"Subjective and objective quality assessment for stereoscopic image retargeting,","volume":"23","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref93","first-page":"116236","article-title":"Hierarchical visual comfort assessment for stereoscopic image retargeting,","volume":"95","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Processing: Image Communication"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-220456_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13799","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-4994-1","article-title":"Pyramidal modeling of geometric distortions for retargeted image quality evaluation","volume":"77","author":"Karimi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools and Applications"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JIFS-220456","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T09:19:39Z","timestamp":1769678379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JIFS-220456"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-220456","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]}}}