{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:05:02Z","timestamp":1777705502567,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IFS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The United Nations prescribed the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to various nations to provide enduring answers to widespread problems and to give long-lasting solutions to common issues being faced across the globe. SDG 5 in particular was aimed at minimizing gender inequality by employing 9 targets and 14 indicators. The indicators serve as a yardstick to measure the progress of each of the 9 targets. This research takes an in-depth look at the perspectives of SDG 5 \u2013Gender Inequalities, its targets, and indicators. Furthermore, explanatory data analysis and numerical association rule mining alongside QuantMiner are applied to the generated Indian datasets on SDG 5 to extract patterns and associations among the fourteen indicators of SDG 5. The association rule mining carried out on the indicators reveals the pattern of association among these indicators. Legal provision for women and the rate of crimes against women have a perfect association of 100% while the association between legal provision for women and women who have experienced physical violence stands at 80%. The full relationships of all the 14 indicators are discussed extensively in the result and discussion section. Overall, it is established that these indicators are interdependent. This will make it easier for academics, the general public, and governmental and non-governmental organizations to understand the trends and form informed opinions on issues relating to gender inequality and SDG 5.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-222384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T11:40:15Z","timestamp":1672400415000},"page":"5151-5162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sustainable development goals for gender equality: Extracting associations among the indicators of SDG 5 using numerical association rule mining"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Munish","family":"Saini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India"}]},{"given":"Sulaimon Oyeniyi","family":"Adebayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Harnoor","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India"}]},{"given":"Harpreet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India"}]},{"given":"Suchita","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3253","DOI":"10.4314\/gab.v8i2.61945","article-title":"Reducing gender inequality in classroom teaching and learning for capacity building of female participation in the nation building","volume":"8","author":"Abdullahi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gender and Behaviour"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0145778","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145778","article-title":"The geography of gender inequality","volume":"11","author":"Fisher","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc5030028","article-title":"Big data and the united nations sustainable development goals (UN SDGs) at a glance","volume":"5","author":"Hassani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102104","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for sustainability: Challenges, opportunities, and a research agenda","volume":"53","author":"Nishant","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2015.08.003","article-title":"Sustainable Development Goals: A need forrelevant indicators","volume":"60","author":"H\u00e1k","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecological Indicators"},{"issue":"10053","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31791-3","article-title":"Measuring progress towards the SDGs\u2014a new vital science","volume":"388","author":"Maurice","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gfs.2017.10.001","article-title":"Women in agriculture: Four myths","volume":"16","author":"Doss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Food Security"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Policy challenges of cross-border cloud computing","volume":"4","author":"Berry","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Int\u2019l Com & Econ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.3390\/su11072092","article-title":"Translating sustainable development goal (SDG) interdependencies into policy advice","volume":"11","author":"Breuer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.3390\/su10051540","article-title":"Global SDGs assessments: Helping orconfusing indicators?","volume":"10","author":"Janou\u0161kov\u00e1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3233\/IDA-2001-5303","article-title":"Mining weighted association rules","volume":"5","author":"Lu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Intelligent Data Analysis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.3233\/IFS-141171","article-title":"Investigating association rules for sentiment classification of web reviews","volume":"27","author":"Man","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3233\/IDA-2005-9503","article-title":"Dynamic association rule mining using genetic algorithms","volume":"9","author":"Shenoy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Intelligent Data Analysis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.3233\/IDA-2001-5403","article-title":"Mining association rules using clustering","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Intelligent Data Analysis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4319","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-16963","article-title":"Modified binary cuckoo search for association rule mining","volume":"32","author":"Mlakar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.3233\/IDA-140652","article-title":"Mining useful association rules from questionnaire data","volume":"18","author":"Burton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intelligent Data Analysis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.46456\/jisdep.v2i3.209","article-title":"Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Gender Equality in Achieving SDG5","volume":"2","author":"Jahan","year":"2021","journal-title":"JISDeP: The Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.2307\/41165746","article-title":"Towards the sustainable corporation: Win-win-win business strategies for sustainable development","volume":"36","author":"Elkington","year":"1994","journal-title":"California Management Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref26","first-page":"383","article-title":"Sustainable Development Goals: Integrating sustainability initiatives with long term value creation, Conceptual and methodological issues\u2014The Italian perspective","volume":"147","author":"Busco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Social Indicators Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-019-02162-4","article-title":"Sustainable development goals indicators at territorial level: Conceptual and methodological issues\u2014The Italian perspective","volume":"147","author":"Alaimo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Social Indicators Research"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2003.03.021","article-title":"Multi-objective rule mining using genetic algorithms","volume":"163","author":"Ghosh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/713827180","article-title":"Data preparation for data mining","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Applied Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1080\/08839514.2017.1378120","article-title":"A robust missing data-recovering technique for mobility data mining","volume":"31","author":"Zafar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Applied Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2005.00191.x","article-title":"Working with missing values","volume":"67","author":"Acock","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and Family"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.114012","article-title":"Gene selection and classification of microarray data method based on mutual information and moth flame algorithm","volume":"166","author":"Dabba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1541880.1541883","article-title":"Methodologies for data quality assessment and improvement","volume":"41","author":"Batini","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/088395100117124","article-title":"Noise detection and elimination in data preprocessing: experiments in medical domains","volume":"14","author":"Gamberger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Applied Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doan A. , Halevy A. and Ives Z. , Principles of data integration, Elsevier, (2012).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-416044-6.00019-3"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3233\/ICA-140467","article-title":"Reducing gaps in quantitative association rules: A genetic programming free-parameter algorithm","volume":"21","author":"Luna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8091","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-10139-6","article-title":"A review on genetic algorithm: past, present, and future","volume":"80","author":"Katoch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools and Applications"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.2.2.131","article-title":"Principles and procedures of exploratory data analysis","volume":"2","author":"Behrens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-03993-6","article-title":"Correlation coefficients for T-spherical fuzzy sets and their applications in clustering and multi-attribute decision making","volume":"24","author":"Ullah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soft Computing"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Himabindu B.L. , Arora R. and Prashanth N.S. , Whose problem is it anyway? Crimes against women in India, Global Health Action 7(1) 23718 (2014).","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v7.23718"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref50","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Female genital mutilation: an overview, World Health Organization, (1998)."},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref51","unstructured":"Ohchr U. , Undp U. and Unesco U. , Eliminating Female genital mutilation, An interagency statement, Geneva: WHO, (2008)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0602-4","article-title":"Predictors of female sexual dysfunction: a systematic review and qualitative analysis through gender inequality paradigms","volume":"18","author":"McCool-Myers","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Women\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13545700500508056","article-title":"The gender asset gap: What do we know and why does it matter?","volume":"12","author":"Deere","year":"2006","journal-title":"Feminist Economics"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref54","first-page":"41","article-title":"The price of female headship: Gender, inheritance, and wealth accumulation in the United States","volume":"13","author":"Conley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Income Distribution"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref55","unstructured":"Nadler J.T. and Stockdale M.S. , Workplace Gender Bias: Not Just Between Strangers, North American Journal of Psychology 14(2) (2012)."},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-222384_ref56","unstructured":"Lahey J.N. , Do older workers face discrimination? Boston: Center for Retirement Research at Boston College, (2005)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JIFS-222384","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:44:03Z","timestamp":1777455843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JIFS-222384"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-222384","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]}}}