{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T18:23:53Z","timestamp":1769711033176,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pressure injury usually develop in the bony prominence of immobile bedridden subjects. Predicting pressure injuries based on the subjects\u2019 physiological information will reduce the burden of the caretakers in adjusting the frequency of repositioning such subjects. Visual assessment, diagnostic, and prognostic approaches only provide pressure injury information after onset. Therefore, the objective of this unique modeling technique is to predict the internal alterations that take place in human tissues before the onset of pressure injuries. In this approach the bio-mechanical and bio-thermal properties was integrated to predict the internal changes of skin, fat, and muscle layers when subjects were self-loaded continuously for one hour in the sacrum region. A change in temperature of all the layers, as well as the distribution of Von-Mises stress in these layers, was observed. The inflammation caused by the changes in the temperature and the stress was measured from the simulation model. Ultrasound measurements was also taken for the same subjects in the supine position in the sacral region, before and after one hour by applying a self-load. An identical change in the thickness of the above-mentioned layers due to thermal expansion was noticed. Hence this computational model is hypothesized to give identical thermal expansion in comparison with the ultrasound measurements. There was an agreement between the thermal expansion using the simulation technique and the ultrasound technique which was assessed through Bland-Altman analysis, with a 96% confidence interval.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-222485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T12:55:18Z","timestamp":1671540918000},"page":"5045-5057","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prediction of internal changes in the sacral region on immobility using bio-mechanical and bio-thermal modelling"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Annie Nancy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Loyola-ICAM college of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}]},{"given":"Kalpana","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Senthil Nathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D. M (Neuro), Consultant Neurologist, Fortis Malar Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.155260"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.101287"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/pdia.2013.38359"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000461911.31139.62"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","first-page":"163","article-title":"Pressure ulcer management: the importance of nutrition","volume":"9","author":"Ferguson M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"FergusonM., CookA., RimmaschH., BenderS. and VossA., Pressure ulcer management: the importance of nutrition, Medsurg Nurs 9 (2000), 163\u201375; quiz 76\u20137.","journal-title":"Medsurg Nurs"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(95)80637-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2004.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","first-page":"717","article-title":"Heat transfer model and quantitative analysis of deep tissue injury","volume":"2012","author":"Chanmugam A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"ChanmugamA., BhargavaA. and HermanC., Heat transfer model and quantitative analysis of deep tissue injury, Int Mech Eng Congress Expo 2012 (2012), 717\u201323.","journal-title":"Int Mech Eng Congress Expo"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-481X.2006.00267.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/sci17-00031"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2020.29.Sup2c.S10"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12790"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","first-page":"CD006471","article-title":"Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers","volume":"1","author":"Moore Z.E.","year":"2019","unstructured":"MooreZ.E. and PattonD., Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers, Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1 (2019), CD006471.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","unstructured":"El SayedN. MaurerA. EnfrunD. and RozsnyoR. Mechanical and Thermal Effects of Focused Ultrasound on a Biological Tissue using COMSOL Multiphysics\u00ae Three Different Approaches."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15605\/jafes.029.01.04"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2018.27.6.300"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.4.375"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-019-0169-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2329-8847.1000156"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsolstr.2010.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1949.104"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","unstructured":"UzmanA. Molecular biology of the cell: Alberts B. Johnson A. Lewis J. Raff M. Roberts K. andWalter P.Wiley Online Library (2003)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13309"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","unstructured":"SunQ. LinF. Al-SaeedeS. RuberteL. NamE. HendrixR. and MakhsousM. Soft tissue stress in buttock-thigh of a seated individual elucidated by a 3D FE Model. RESNA 28th Int Conf (2005)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","unstructured":"KoopL.K. and TadiP. Physiology Heat Loss StatPearls [Internet] (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","unstructured":"KlappJ. Chavarr\u00edaGR OvandoAM VillaAL and SigalottiLDG Selected topics of computational and experimental fluid mechanics. Springer (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.205.7.981"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_182_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2018.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","unstructured":"MondragonN. and ZitoP.M. Pressure injury StatPearls [Internet] (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010064"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3948-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1114\/1.1349698"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","unstructured":"GefenA. BrienzaD.M. CuddiganJ. HaeslerE. and KottnerJ. Our contemporary understanding of the aetiology of pressure ulcers\/pressure injuries International Wound Journal (2021) 1\u201313."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000392925.83594.50"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_182_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15347346221081603"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JiangX. WangY. WangY. ZhouM. HuangP. YangY. PengF. WangH. LiX. ZhangL. and CaiF. Application of an infrared thermography-based model to detect pressure injuries: a prospective cohort study The British Journal of Dermatolog 2022. Advance online publication.","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.21665"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.13022"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/ns.2021.e11740"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","first-page":"237796082211064","article-title":"Repositioning practice of bedridden patients: an evolutionary concept analysis","volume":"8","author":"Iblasi Abdulkareem S.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iblasi AbdulkareemS., et al. Repositioning practice of bedridden patients: an evolutionary concept analysis, SAGE Open Nursing 8 (2022), 23779608221106443.","journal-title":"SAGE Open Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12147106"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-222485","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JIFS-222485","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-222485","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T07:30:07Z","timestamp":1769671807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JIFS-222485"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JIFS-222485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-222485","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]}}}