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Besides, linguistic discrete Z-numbers and belief rule base (BRB) model are combined to construct a novel reasoning model on the basis of implication operators. To verify the validity of the proposed method, three representative examples of epidemic level assessment, multicriteria group decision-making (MCGDM), and network security assessment are employed. The comparison with other widely used methods are performed to further demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-223025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T13:37:41Z","timestamp":1683898661000},"page":"1251-1268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Combination of linguistic Z-numbers and IF-THEN rules based on rectangular coordinate system"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Huakun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Flight Control and Simulation Technology, Xi\u2019an, China"}]},{"given":"Qianlei","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Flight Control and Simulation Technology, Xi\u2019an, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Flight Control and Simulation Technology, Xi\u2019an, China"}]},{"given":"Jingping","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Flight Control and Simulation Technology, Xi\u2019an, China"}]},{"given":"Ehab","family":"Safwat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guidance Department, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223025_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.02.022","article-title":"A note on z-numbers","volume":"181","author":"Zadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223025_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.11.327","article-title":"Fuzzy equations and z-numbers fornonlinear systems control","volume":"120","author":"Razvarz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223025_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1002\/int.21995","article-title":"Generating z-number based on owa weights using maximum entropy","volume":"33","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223025_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-015-1591-y","article-title":"Modeling and implementation of z-number","volume":"20","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soft Computing"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223025_ref5","unstructured":"Mokhtarzadeh N.G. , Mahdiraji H.A. 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