{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:10:31Z","timestamp":1777705831618,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IFS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\u00a0This paper presents the development and application of graph neural networks to verify drug interactions, consisting of drug-protein networks. For this, the DrugBank databases were used, creating four complex networks of interactions: target proteins, transport proteins, carrier proteins, and enzymes. The Louvain and Girvan-Newman community detection algorithms were used to establish communities and validate the interactions between them. Positive results were obtained when checking the interactions of two sets of drugs for disease treatments: diabetes and anxiety; diabetes and antibiotics. There were found 371 interactions by the Girvan-Newman algorithm and 58 interactions via Louvain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-223656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T11:39:29Z","timestamp":1680867569000},"page":"10383-10395","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Complex graph neural networks for medication interaction verification"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Westarb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems and Computing, Regional University of Blumenau, Rua Ant\u00f4nio da Veiga 140, Blumenau, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano Frizzo","family":"Stefenon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Industry Center, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, Trento, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Informatics and Physical Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lio Faustino","family":"Hoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems and Computing, Regional University of Blumenau, Rua Ant\u00f4nio da Veiga 140, Blumenau, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreza","family":"Sartori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems and Computing, Regional University of Blumenau, Rua Ant\u00f4nio da Veiga 140, Blumenau, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Carolina Rodrigues","family":"Klaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Planalto Catarinense, Av. Mal. Castelo Branco 170, Lages, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valderi Reis Quietinho","family":"Leithardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COPELABS, Lus\u00f3fona University of Humanities and Technologies, Campo Grande 376, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"VALORIZA, Research Center for Endogenous Resources Valorization, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Portalegre. Portalegre, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk factors associated with self-medicationamong women in Iran","volume":"19","author":"Mahmood Karimy","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200221666200620210522","article-title":"FDA drug\u2013drug interaction guidance: a comparison analysis and action plan by pharmaceutical industrial scientists","volume":"21","author":"Sirimas Sudsakorn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Drug Metabolism"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref4","first-page":"77","article-title":"Interacoes medicamentosas potenciais em prescricoes de pacientes hospitalizados","volume":"15","author":"Sehn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infarma"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref5","first-page":"601","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction and their implication in clinical management","volume":"18","author":"Palleria","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.15171\/bi.2016.10","article-title":"Computerized techniques pave the way for drugdrug interactionprediction and interpretation","volume":"6","author":"Safdari","year":"2016","journal-title":"BioImpacts: BI"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2007.02900.x","article-title":"Detecting signalsof drug\u2013drug interactions in a spontaneous reports database","volume":"64","author":"Thakrar","year":"2007","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2021.3123460","article-title":"Virtualized network function forwarding graph placing in sdn andnfv-enabled iot networks: A graph neural network assisted deep reinforcement learning method","volume":"19","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2016.10.021","article-title":"Exploring triad-rich substructures by graph-theoretic characterizations in complex networks","volume":"468","author":"Jia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2019.2927291","article-title":"Ismael: Using machine learning to predict acceptance of virtual clusters in datacenters","volume":"16","author":"Zerwas","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2020.3033996","article-title":"Data fusion oriented graph convolution network model for rumor detection","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2021.3075656","article-title":"Machine learning for net flow anomaly detection with humanreadable annotations","volume":"18","author":"Krishnamurthy","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2840429","article-title":"Complex network-based cascading faults graph for the analysis of transmission network vulnerability","volume":"15","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9167","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3089180","article-title":"Rrlgat: Graph attention network-driven multilabel image robust representation learning","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref17","first-page":"181","article-title":"Contextualized graph attention network for recommendation with item knowledge graph","volume":"35","author":"Yong Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2020.2987085","article-title":"Attack graph-based moving target defense in software defined networks","volume":"17","author":"Yoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89281","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2993618","article-title":"Convolutional neural network based on complex networks for brain tumor image classification with a modified activation function","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9266","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3105446","article-title":"Spatial-temporal chebyshev graph neural network for traffic flow prediction iniot-based its","volume":"9","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2018.10.005","article-title":"Complex network approaches to nonlinear time seriesanalysis","volume":"787","author":"Yong Zou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physics Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"The functional complex network approachto foster forest resilience to global changes","volume":"6","author":"Christian Messier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forest Ecosystems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2020.102099","article-title":"Diagnostic prediction of autism spectrum disorder using complex network measures in a machine learning framework","volume":"62","author":"Chaitra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedical Signal Processing and Control"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2019.106782","article-title":"The vulnerability of communities in complex networks: An entropy approach","volume":"196","author":"Tao Wen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-507X2008000400006","article-title":"Prevalencia de potenciais interacoes medicamentosasdroga-droga em unidades de terapia intensiva","volume":"20","author":"Hammes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref27","first-page":"311","article-title":"Avaliacao deinteracoes medicamentosas potenciais em prescricoes da atencaoprimaria de vitoria da conquista (ba), Brasil","volume":"19","author":"Leao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ciencia & SaudeColetiva"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09692-y","article-title":"Network-based predictionof drug combinations","volume":"10","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dt-web: a web-based application for drug-target interaction and drug combination prediction through domaintuned network-based inference","volume":"9","author":"Alaimo","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Systems Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002998","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002998","article-title":"Systematic prediction of pharmacodynamic drug\u2013drug interactions through protein\u2013protein-interaction network","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Computational Biology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-40422007000100029","article-title":"Importancia do metabolismo no planejamento defarmacos","volume":"30","author":"Pereira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Quimica Nova"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref34","unstructured":"Bueno C.S. , Oliveira K.R. , Berlezi E.M. , Eickhoff H.M. , Dallepiane L.B. , Girardon-Perlini N.M.O. and Mafalda A. , Utilizacao demedicamentos e risco de interacoes medicamentosas em idososatendidos pelo programa de atencao ao idoso da unijui, Revistade Ciencias Farmaceuticas Basica e Aplicada 30(3) (2009)."},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-71672010000100023","article-title":"Polifarmacia: interacoes e reacoes adversas no uso demedicamentos por idosos","volume":"63","author":"Secoli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem"},{"issue":"2022","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref36","first-page":"107584","article-title":"Time series forecasting using ensemble learning methods for emergency prevention in hydroelectric power plants with dam","volume":"202","author":"Stefenon","journal-title":"Electric Power Systems Research"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8323","DOI":"10.3390\/s22218323","article-title":"Wavelet lstm for fault forecasting in electrical power grids","volume":"22","author":"Branco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref38","first-page":"1096","article-title":"Photovoltaic power forecasting using wavelet neuro-fuzzy for active solar trackers","volume":"40","author":"Stefenon","year":"1083","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9111975","article-title":"Electric field evaluation using the finite element method and proxy models for the design of stator slots in apermanent magnet synchronous motor","volume":"9","author":"Stefenon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3390\/computers10090112","article-title":"Classification of contaminated insulators usingk-nearest neighbors based on computer vision","volume":"10","author":"Corso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00202-022-01641-1","article-title":"Classification of distribution power grid structures using inception v3 deep neuralnetwork","volume":"104","author":"Stefenon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Electrical Engineering"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4859","DOI":"10.3390\/s22134859","article-title":"Semiprotopnet deep neural network for the classification of defective power grid distribution structures","volume":"22","author":"Stefenon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.3390\/en14051318","article-title":"Experimental comparison of preferential vs. common delta connections for thestar-delta starting of induction motors","volume":"14","author":"Itajiba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1109\/TLA.2019.8891883","article-title":"Fem applied to evaluation of theinfluence of electric field on design of the stator slots in pmsm","volume":"17","author":"Stefenon","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Latin America Transactions"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.3390\/en13092366","article-title":"Tools for measuring energy sustainability: A comparative review","volume":"13","author":"Rafael Ninno Muniz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref46","first-page":"84","article-title":"Interacoes medicamentosas noambito hospitalar e a atuacao do farmaceutico nesse cenario","volume":"12","author":"de Carvalho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Revista Saude e Desenvolvimento"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref48","first-page":"33980","article-title":"Analysis of the ultrasonic signal in polymeric contaminated insulators through ensemble learning methods","volume":"10","author":"Stefenon","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEEAccess"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3285","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-211126","article-title":"Comparison of artificial intelligence techniques to failure prediction in contaminated insulators based on leakage current","volume":"42","author":"Medeiros","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6121","DOI":"10.3390\/s22166121","article-title":"Fault prediction based on leakage current in contaminated insulators using enhanced time series forecasting models","volume":"22","author":"Sopelsa Neto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6221","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-212788","article-title":"Long short-termmemory stacking model to predict the number of cases and deathscaused by covid-19","volume":"6","author":"Fernandes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00202-021-01332-3","article-title":"Particle swarm optimization for design of insulators of distribution power system based on finite element method","volume":"104","author":"Stefenon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Electrical Engineering"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25190","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3155123","article-title":"Low-cost cnn for automatic violencerecognition on embedded system","volume":"10","author":"Vieira","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1049\/gtd2.12353","article-title":"Classification of insulators using neural network based on computer vision","volume":"16","author":"Stefenon","year":"2021","journal-title":"IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref55","first-page":"784","article-title":"Enterprise resource planning and customer relationship management through management of the supply chain","volume":"43","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Interciencia"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7821","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.122653799","article-title":"Community structure in social and biological networks","volume":"99","author":"Girvan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-223656_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P10008","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2008\/10\/P10008","article-title":"Fast unfolding of communities in large networks","volume":"2008","author":"Blondel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JIFS-223656","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:45:21Z","timestamp":1777455921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JIFS-223656"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-223656","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]}}}