{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:10:47Z","timestamp":1777705847470,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IFS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Misfire fault is a common engine failure which is caused by incomplete combustion in the engine cylinders. Conventionally, the misfire fault is diagnosed manually by mechanics, but the diagnosis process is time-consuming. Therefore, this study aims to explore the feasibility of using Subtractive Clustering based Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (SC-ANFIS) algorithm to assist in diagnosing misfire faults. The Subtractive Clustering (SC) approach initializes the parameters of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), whereas Back Propagation (BP) and Least Square Estimation (LSE) approaches are implemented to optimize the ANFIS parameters. The proposed algorithm will pre-diagnose the cause of misfire faults based on the engine exhaust gas. In this work, exhaust gases for different causes of misfire faults are collected from Volkswagen 1.8TSI 4-cylinder petrol engine. These collected data are used to train the proposed algorithm. The performances of the proposed algorithm are compared to two commonly used algorithms, namely Fuzzy C-Mean Clustering based ANFIS (FCM-ANFIS) and BP algorithms. The simulation results show the proposed algorithm has improved 2.4% to 5.5% averagely in terms of accuracy, efficiency and stability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-224059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T11:49:59Z","timestamp":1680608999000},"page":"10045-10066","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Engine misfire fault diagnosis based on SC\u2013ANFIS"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Sheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Modelling, Simulation & Computing Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia"},{"name":"College of Engineering, Tongren Polytechnic College, Tong Ren, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min Keng","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modelling, Simulation & Computing Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kit Guan","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modelling, Simulation & Computing Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renee Ka Yin","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modelling, Simulation & Computing Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bih Lii","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modelling, Simulation & Computing Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth Tze Kin","family":"Teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modelling, Simulation & Computing Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224059_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2019.02.048","article-title":"Real-time combustion torque estimation and dynamic misfire fault diagnosis in gasoline engine","volume":"126","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing"},{"issue":"08","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224059_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.19356\/j.cnki.1001-3997.2020.08.009","article-title":"Power loss diagnosis method of internal combustion engine cylinder based on agent model","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Machinery Design & Manufacture"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224059_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7666\/d.y1020809"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224059_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.27242\/d.cnki.gnjlu.2019.000272"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224059_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-9668.2021.04.082","article-title":"Comparative study of Q3 injury in frontal impact test and offset test","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Auto Time"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224059_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.40049\/y.cnki.yinfn.2019.000740"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224059_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SECON.2018.8479057"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224059_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.4271\/02-13-02-0007","article-title":"Automated diagnosis of engine misfire faults using combination classifiers","volume":"13","author":"Suda","year":"2020","journal-title":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224059_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.27200\/d.cnki.gkmlu.2019.001901"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224059_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.13229\/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20210777","article-title":"Real-time diagnosis for misfire fault of diesel engine based on convolutional neural network","volume":"52","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition)"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224059_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23940\/IJPE.20.09.P18.14881496"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224059_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s40430-021-03052-y","article-title":"Misfire detection of an internal combustion engine based on vibration and acoustic analysis","volume":"43","author":"Firmino","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Braz. 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