{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T18:33:15Z","timestamp":1769711595341,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IFS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>WSNs(Wireless Sensor Networks) has been developed with applications in many domains including agriculture, telecommunication, manufacturing industry, healthcare, and surveillance. More specifically, WSN plays a pivotal role in IoT (Internet of Things). The IoT sensors provide information about the physical phenomena in the deployed fields. As the sensors contain only limited resources, the factors like data processing, power consumption, transmission, and storage capabilities adversely affect the efficiency. Thus, the process of routing is necessary for network longevity. The data from IoT-based sensors is routed to the destination through a multi-hop routing system. The Energy aware Routing is motivated by the nature inspired Fuzzy Butterfly Optimization (E2RFBOA). Further a new data aggregation method is introduced in this article customized for IoT based WSN to acquaint higher crop yield in precision farming. Nevertheless, the scalability becomes a primary concern when deployed in larger and denser networks. This is due to the fact that all nodes in IoT and WSN are mostly alive depending on higher usage of bandwidth and power. The primal aim is to build a novel routing protocol developed for IoT-WSN. Apart from this, an Energy aware Clustered Routing that is motivated by Adaptive Elephant Herding Optimization (E2CR-AEHO) is proposed, which sensors collect data and find a group of Cluster Heads (CHs). In the AEHO Algorithm, the formed CH is rotated depending on power consumption. This also prevents frequent re-clustering; at the same time it can effectively adapt to the changes in network topology. According to the AEHOA, the node population comprises of nodes that can choose its CHs among the other nodes. This algorithm takes into account a number of criteria, including power consumption, residual power of Sensor Nodes (SN), network reliability, and data reliability. The suggested approach can efficiently represent the network environment, allowing the routing algorithm to avoid passing over marked zones. Network-specific performances measures including PDRs (Packet Delivery Ratios), NLs (Network Lifetimes), PLRs (Packet Loss Ratios), and AE2E (Average End To End) delay are used to evaluate simulation outcomes. This proposed framework aggregates IoT, which can gradually reduce the amount of data, hence extending network lifetime.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-224251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T12:02:59Z","timestamp":1689681779000},"page":"5467-5479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Energy efficient routing using adaptive elephant herding optimization for IoT-WSN"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Sivakami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ECE, Nehru Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Vijayalakshmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ECE, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/en12214174","article-title":"Din and Z. Jan, An energy-efficient and secure routing protocol for intrusion avoidance in IoT-based WSN","volume":"12","author":"Haseeb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79980","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2922971","article-title":"Secret sharing-based energy-aware and multi-hop routing protocol for IoT based WSNs","volume":"7","author":"Haseeb","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93803-5_54","volume-title":"In International Conference on Data Mining and Big Data","author":"Yu","year":"2018"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/en12132630","article-title":"Energy-effective cooperative and reliable delivery routing protocols for underwater wireless sensor networks","volume":"12","author":"Ullah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051619","article-title":"Routing protocols for underwater wireless sensor networks: Taxonomy, research challenges, routing strategies and future directions","volume":"18","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref6","first-page":"91","article-title":"MC: Maximum coverage routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks","author":"Sher","year":"2016","journal-title":"In 2016 19th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9278701","article-title":"Enhancing energy efficiency of wireless sensor network through the design of energy efficient routing protocol","author":"Zaman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Sensors"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-6423(14)70097-5","article-title":"An energy efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks using A-star algorithm","volume":"12","author":"Ghaffari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Research and Technology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2014.05.105","article-title":"Control of artificial swarms with DDDAS","volume":"29","author":"McCune","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3233\/IFS-162124","article-title":"Resource aware and reliable data reporting algorithm for object tracking in WSNs","volume":"31","author":"El-Fouly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58130","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2980682","article-title":"Real-time energy-efficient reliable traffic aware routing for industrial wireless sensor networks","volume":"8","author":"El-Fouly","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18469","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2749606","article-title":"An efficient centroid-based routing protocol for energy management in WSN-assisted IoT","volume":"5","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref13","first-page":"714","article-title":"An energy-efficient transmission framework for IoT monitoring systems in precision agriculture.","author":"Lerdsuwan","year":"2017","journal-title":"In International Conference on Information Science and Applications"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2018.10.159","article-title":"An improved energy efficient duty cycling algorithm for IoT based precision agriculture","volume":"141","author":"Dhall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/s20072081","article-title":"An energy efficient and secure IoT-based WSN framework: An application to smart agriculture","volume":"20","author":"Haseeb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-019-07000-x","article-title":"EOMR: An energy-efficient optimal multi-path routing protocol to improve QoS in wireless sensor network for IoT applications","volume":"111","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wireless Personal Communications"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9040395","article-title":"Optimized cluster-based dynamic energy-aware routing protocol for wireless sensor networks in agriculture precision","author":"Qureshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Sensors"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref18","first-page":"171","article-title":"An integrated application ofIoT-based WSN in the field of indian agriculture system using hybridoptimization technique and machine learning","author":"Banerjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"AgriculturalInformatics: Automation Using the IoT and Machine Learning"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11440","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3051768","article-title":"Energy-efficient intelligent routing scheme for IoT-enabled WSNs","volume":"8","author":"Kaur","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.22266\/ijies2017.0430.19","article-title":"Base station positioning in wireless sensor network to aid cluster head selection process","volume":"10","author":"Shankar","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1007\/s40815-020-00929-3","article-title":"Fuzzy-logic-inspired zone-based clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks","volume":"23","author":"Stephan","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2020.102317","article-title":"Energy efficient cluster based routing protocol for WSN using butterfly optimization algorithm and ant colony optimization","volume":"110","author":"Maheshwari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Networks"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.117334","article-title":"An energy efficient cluster based hybrid optimization algorithm with static sink and mobile sink node for Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"203","author":"Amutha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112145","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3003155","article-title":"E3AF: energy efficient environment-aware fusion based reliable routing inwireless sensor networks","volume":"8","author":"El-Fouly","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-014-1241-7","article-title":"New data aggregation approach for time-constrained wireless sensor networks","volume":"71","author":"Abid","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Supercomputing"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2013.240","article-title":"QoS aware geographic opportunistic routing in wireless sensor networks","volume":"25","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2018.12.012","article-title":"On the performance improvement of elephant herding optimization algorithm","volume":"166","author":"Elhosseini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39489","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3065288","article-title":"Elephant herding optimization Ad Hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing protocol for MANET","volume":"9","author":"Sarhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-224251_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.3390\/s21030873","article-title":"A distributed multi-hop intra-clustering approach based on neighbors two-hop connectivity for iot networks","volume":"21","author":"Batta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1177\/10641246251331509","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"record-id":"64227"},{"DOI":"10.1177\/10641246251331509","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JIFS-224251","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T09:00:02Z","timestamp":1769677202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JIFS-224251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-224251","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]}}}