{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T18:15:21Z","timestamp":1769710521978,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IFS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The optimization algorithms mimic the process of natural evolution. In watermarking, appropriate positions to insert the watermark is identified by the image that covers. These positions represent the populations of genetic algorithms. The major drawback in genetic algorithm are that it may get stuck-up at a local optimum while moving towards the best global solution and hence the result is poor when compared to other local optimization techniques. The proposed work based on Bandelet based biogeography firefly hybrid algorithms. The Number of pixels, Intensity of the pixel and contrast are considered for watermarking. The redundancy is reduced by Bandelet and used to determine the best location to embed the information into an image both locally and globally. Results of these techniques are compared based on coefficient correlation, index structural similarity, and noise ratio from peak signal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-224590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T10:07:49Z","timestamp":1686305269000},"page":"6549-6559","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Optimization technique for optimal location selection based on medical image watermarking on healthcare system"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Umaamaheshvari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Akshaya College of Engineering and Technology, Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Sivasankari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Akshaya College of Engineering and Technology, Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Suguna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Akshaya College of Engineering and Technology"}]},{"given":"Pravin R.","family":"Kshirsagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, G.H. 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