{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T19:10:46Z","timestamp":1769713846347,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IFS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Punishment promotes cooperation among selfish agents. Unlike previous studies, we propose a new supervision (heterogeneous preference supervision, HPS) mechanism based on the original random supervision (ORS) mechanism considering regulators\u2019 limited supervision ability and agents\u2019 heterogeneous preferences. The concepts of exemption list capacity, observation period, and removal time are introduced as the variables under the HPS mechanism. A public goods game model is built to verify the supervision effects under the ORS and HPS mechanisms. The simulation results show that the HPS mechanism can promote cooperation more than the ORS mechanism. Increasing the exemption list capacity can make regulators pay more attention to defectors and improve the cooperation level. Setting a relatively moderate observation period benefits a better supervision effect, while a too-small or too-large observation period leads to the collapse of cooperation. Shortening the removal time can increase the updating speed of the exemption list and enhance the role of the exemption list, resulting in improving the fraction of cooperators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-230775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T11:15:43Z","timestamp":1694776543000},"page":"10077-10088","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimization of supervision mechanism for public cooperation considering limited supervision ability and heterogeneous preferences"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"}]},{"given":"Duo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"4489","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-230775_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7466396","article-title":"The evolution of cooperation","volume":"211","author":"Axelrod","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3859","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-230775_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1126\/science.162.3859.1243","article-title":"The tragedy of the commons","volume":"162","author":"Garrett","year":"1968","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5805","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-230775_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1133755","article-title":"Five rules for the evolution of cooperation","volume":"314","author":"Nowak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-230775_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1257\/0895330027256","article-title":"Evolution and game theory","volume":"16","author":"Samuelson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Perspectives"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-230775_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith J.M. 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