{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T17:52:18Z","timestamp":1769709138561,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IFS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Box girders are commonly utilized in bridge engineering because of their economical and visually appealing form. Due to recent advancements in the design sector. However, safety in the economy is the fundamental demand of the current generation, therefore, it is vital to pick an optimal design. Prestrained concrete is used for large-span bridges. Standard heuristic optimization is frequently used to do structural optimization because of how complex structural concerns remain. However, traditional heuristic optimization still takes a significant amount of time. Particle Swarm trained Hierarchically Stepped Adversarial Networks (PS-HSAN) are presented as an alternative approach to speeding up the optimization of complex problems, and their use reduces the cost of computation for optimization. To find the best design for \u201ca three-span continuous box-girder pedestrian bridge, this research\u201d will apply both classical heuristic optimization and PS-HSAN. This will include analyzing and assessing a variety of crime types and sample sizes. Particle swarm optimization is shown to be as effective as conventional heuristic optimization but with significant time savings. Therefore, using a PS-HSAN in structural design challenges provides an original method for handling certain structural difficulties that need a great degree of computing power while simplifying the solution of other problems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-231309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T11:38:04Z","timestamp":1687865884000},"page":"4349-4360","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structural optimization of continuous box Girder Bridge using swarm-optimized deep learning algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"He","family":"Dingjun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CCCC Second Highway Consultants Co. Ltd, Dongtai, Jiangsu, China"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCCC Second Highway Consultants Co. Ltd, Chibi, Hubei, China"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2020.102829","article-title":"Optimization of cable-stayed bridges: A literature survey","volume":"149","author":"Martins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advances in Engineering Software"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2019.109968","article-title":"Robust decision-making design for sustainable pedestrian concrete bridges","volume":"209","author":"Penad\u00e9s-Pl\u00e0","year":"2020","journal-title":"Engineering Structures"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2021.113823","article-title":"In-situ testing and model updating of a long-span cable-stayed railway bridge with hybrid girders subjected to a running train","volume":"253","author":"Gou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Engineering Structures"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2019.110151","article-title":"Stresses, deformations and damages of various joints in precast concrete segmental box girder bridges subjected to direct shear loading","volume":"206","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Engineering Structures"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1080\/15732479.2020.1867589","article-title":"Defect investigation and replacement implementation of bearings for long-span continuous box girder bridges under operating high-speed railway networks: a case study","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Structure and Infrastructure Engineering"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3253","DOI":"10.3390\/app9163253","article-title":"Heuristic techniques for the design of steel-concrete composite pedestrian bridges","volume":"9","author":"Yepes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.A1900645","article-title":"Continuous steel box girders and reinforced concrete structures in the Main Bridge Project of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge","volume":"21","author":"Jing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2018.11.015","article-title":"Accelerated optimization method for low-embodied energy concrete box-girder bridge design","volume":"179","author":"Penad\u00e9s-Pl\u00e0","year":"2019","journal-title":"Engineering Structures"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-020-02626-z","article-title":"A new evolutionary structural optimization method and application for aided design to reinforced concrete components","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.3390\/math8030398","article-title":"Robust design optimization for low-cost concrete box-girder bridge","volume":"8","author":"Penad\u00e9s-Pl\u00e0","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2018.10.029","article-title":"Ultimate limit state based design versus allowable working stress based design for box girder crane structures","volume":"134","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Structures"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref12","first-page":"1507","article-title":"Analysis of RCC T-beam and prestressed concrete box girder bridges super structure under different span conditions","volume":"37","author":"Hemalatha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Materials Today: Proceedings"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2019.05.031","article-title":"Experimental behavior of curved bottom flanges in steel box-girder bridge decks","volume":"160","author":"Ljubinkovi\u0107","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Constructional Steel Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst11040417","article-title":"Structural optimization of steel\u2014epoxy asphalt pavement based on orthogonal design and GA\u2014BP algorithm","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crystals"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2021.112358","article-title":"Mechanical behavior of an innovative steel\u2013 concrete joint for long-span railway hybrid box girder cable-stayed bridges","volume":"239","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Engineering Structures"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jweia.2021.104783","article-title":"Experimental investigation on vortex-induced vibrations of a triple-box girder with web modification","volume":"218","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2021.112333","article-title":"Numerical assessment of effective width in steel-concrete composite box girder bridges with partial interaction","volume":"239","author":"Nicoletti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Engineering Structures"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2020.111486","article-title":"Probability analysis of web cracking of corroded prestressed concrete box-girder bridges considering aleatory and epistemic uncertainties","volume":"228","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Engineering Structures"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jweia.2020.104316","article-title":"Optimization of bridges with short gap streamlined twin-box decks considering structural, flutter and buffeting performance","volume":"208","author":"Montoya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang L. , Lv Z.D. , Xu A.M. , Wang F. and Dong X.L. , Simulation-Based Tracking Test and Optimization of Large-Tonnage Box Girder Transport with Trolley on an Erected Bridge, Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (2022).","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6126823"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref21","first-page":"170","article-title":"Damage identification of bridge crane girder based on contour method","volume":"19","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese J Construction Machinery"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref22","unstructured":"Lian X.Y. Lightweight design of bridge crane main girder with D-S theory reliability constraint. >Taiyuan, China: Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, 2020."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref23","first-page":"171","article-title":"Lightweight design of bridge crane main girder based on radial basis neural network and ASA-MMFD algorithm","volume":"36","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mech Design Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref24","first-page":"20","article-title":"Research on Topology Optimization Design of Multiple Loading Conditions of Bridge-Type Crane Bias-Rail Girder","volume":"5","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Machinery Design Manufacture"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1007\/s13296-022-00662-7","article-title":"Structural optimization of unsymmetrical eccentric load steel box girder based on new swarm intelligence optimization algorithm","volume":"22","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Steel Structures"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-231309_ref26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Layout optimization of box girder with RBF-NNM-APSO algorithm","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1177\/10641246251331509","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"record-id":"64774"},{"DOI":"10.1177\/10641246251331509","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JIFS-231309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T06:50:10Z","timestamp":1769669410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JIFS-231309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-231309","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]}}}