{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T09:46:35Z","timestamp":1769593595843,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The main objective of present investigation is to evaluate and optimize the operational availability of the solar photovoltaic systems. As the solar energy is a prominent source of renewal energy and contribute a lot in global development having less environmental impacts but the safety and reliability issues of these systems also observed during the operational phase. Availability is an effective tool that is used to discourse the safety and performance issues of renewal energy sources especially solar photovoltaic systems. Here, a stochastic model is developed for solar photovoltaic system having solar photovoltaic plates, solar charger, solar battery, and inverter. The Markov birth-death process is applied for development of the mathematical model of the proposed system. The chapman-Kolmogorov differential difference equations of the proposed solar photovoltaic system used to predict the steady state availability of system. On the basis of literature, the failure and repair rates of all components of solar photovoltaic system are considered as exponentially distributed. In addition, an effort is also made to predict the optimum availability of solar photovoltaic system using well-known optimization technique cuckoo search algorithm. It is revealed that, the predicted availability of the solar photovoltaic system is 0.9988799 at population size 60 after 700 iterations. The estimated parametric values of the failure and repair rates also derived. To highlight the importance of the study the numerical and graphical results are presented and shared with the system designers and maintenance engineers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-231940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T11:55:02Z","timestamp":1701431702000},"page":"2261-2272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Availability evaluation of solar photovoltaic systems using markov modeling and cuckoo search algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Ashish","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal University Jaipur","place":["India"]}]},{"given":"Vijay Singh","family":"Maan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal University Jaipur","place":["India"]}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal University Jaipur","place":["India"]}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal University Jaipur","place":["India"]}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2018.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37121\/jectr.vol2.119"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2021.121780"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2020.111947"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2017.06.070"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","first-page":"1334","article-title":"Cyber physical systems-reliability modelling: critical perspective and its impact","volume":"12","author":"Kumar A.","year":"2021","unstructured":"KumarA., SainiM., SainiD.K. and BadiwalN., Cyber physical systems-reliability modelling: critical perspective and its impact, International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management 12(6) (2021), 1334\u20131347.","journal-title":"International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3143541"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/16878132221115931"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KumarA. PantS. SinghS.B. Reliability optimization of complex systems using cuckoo search algorithm In Mathematical Concepts and Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics IGI global (2017) 94\u2013110.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-1639-2.ch005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en12071213"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJQRM-03-2021-0071"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41872-021-00180-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2010.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OAJPE.2021.3087547"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PanditD. NguyenN. ElsaiahS. MitraJ. Reliability Evaluation of Solar PV System Incorporating Insolation-Dependent Failure Rates In 2021 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST) IEEE (2021) 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1109\/SEST50973.2021.9543315"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CollinsE. DvorackM. MahnJ. MundtM. QuintanaM. Reliability and availability analysis of a fielded photovoltaic system In 2009 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) IEEE (2009) 002316\u2013002321.","DOI":"10.1109\/PVSC.2009.5411343"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0305215X.2012.729055"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2012.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ValianE. Solving reliability optimization problems by cuckoo search In Cuckoo search and firefly algorithm Springer Cham (2014) 195\u2013215.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-02141-6_10"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BlaabjergF. MaK. ZhouD. Power electronics and reliability in renewable energy systems In 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics IEEE (2012) 19\u201330.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIE.2012.6237053"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2013.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2011.01.036"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","first-page":"1653","article-title":"Multi-objective optimization problem of system reliability under intuitionistic fuzzy set environment using Cuckoo Search algorithm","volume":"29","author":"Garg H.","year":"2015","unstructured":"GargH., Multi-objective optimization problem of system reliability under intuitionistic fuzzy set environment using Cuckoo Search algorithm, Renewable & Fuzzy Systems 29(4) (2015), 1653\u20131669.","journal-title":"Renewable & Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/1166\/1\/012010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3103\/S0003701X15040192"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2021.01.326"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2018.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ParkJ. LiangW. ChoiJ. El-KeibA.A. ShahidehpourM. BillintonR. A probabilistic reliability evaluation of a power system including solar\/photovoltaic cell generator In 2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting IEEE (2009) 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1109\/PES.2009.5275722"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-018-0049-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1714\/1\/012008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.3097"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2019.07.075"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47852\/bonviewJCCE2202144"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1714\/1\/012009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-020-2520-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11073092"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2010.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","unstructured":"DeviS. GargH. GargD. A review of redundancy allocation problem for two decades: bibliometrics and future directions Artificial Intelligence Review (2022) 1\u201392."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MudgalS.M. YadavA.K. MahajanV. Reliability evaluation of power system network with solar energy In 2019 8th International Conference on Power Systems (ICPS) IEEE (2019) 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPS48983.2019.9067364"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41872-018-0068-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2019.06.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app122211419"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-022-07565-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","unstructured":"KunduT. GargH. A hybrid TLNNABC algorithm for reliability optimization and engineering design problems Engineering with Computers (2022) 1\u201345."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JESTPE.2017.2687126"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2013.07.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YangX.S. DebS. Cuckoo search via L\u00e9vy flights In 2009 World congress on nature & biologically inspired computing (NaBIC) IEEE (2009) 210\u2013214.","DOI":"10.1109\/NABIC.2009.5393690"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1748006X20929975"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YunY. JoJ. GenM. Adaptive hybrid genetic algorithm with modified cuckoo search for reliability optimization problem In Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management Springer Singapore (2017) 353\u2013365.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-1837-4_31"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-231940","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JIFS-231940","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-231940","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T18:57:53Z","timestamp":1769540273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JIFS-231940"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JIFS-231940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-231940","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}}}