{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T11:01:05Z","timestamp":1769598065881,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IFS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Facial expression recognition has long been an area of great interest across a wide range of fields. Deep learning is commonly employed in facial expression recognition and demonstrates excellent performance in large-sample classification tasks. However, deep learning models often encounter challenges when confronted with small-sample expression classification problems, as they struggle to extract sufficient relevant features from limited data, resulting in subpar performance. This paper presents a novel approach called the Multi-CNN Logical Reasoning System, which is based on local area recognition and logical reasoning. It initiates the process by partitioning facial expression images into two distinct components: eye action and mouth action. Subsequently, it utilizes logical reasoning based on the inherent relationship between local actions and global expressions to facilitate facial expression recognition. Throughout the reasoning process, it not only incorporates manually curated knowledge but also acquires hidden knowledge from the raw data. Experimental results conducted on two small-sample datasets derived from the KDEF and RaFD datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach exhibits faster convergence and higher prediction accuracy when compared to classical deep learning-based algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-233988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T10:55:52Z","timestamp":1709031352000},"page":"9431-9447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-CNN based logical reasoning system for facial expression recognition on small-sample datasets"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 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