{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:55:20Z","timestamp":1777704920628,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IFS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This work proposes an unique hardware design for a multi-line Refreshable Braille Display (RBD) device using Imprint Punch Head Technology with Optical Character Recognition (OCR) capabilities for learning and reading text in Braille codes. The device uses a microprocessor board to seamlessly integrate stepper\/servo motors with OCR algorithms. A thin flexible metal sheet coated with rubber is used as a display surface on which the raised points for Braille codes are repeatedly formed and deformed. The device is designed in such a way that the material used for its construction are low cost which makes them economical and affordable. The device was evaluated in the lab setup and showed promising results, and had prospects of becoming a vital Assistive Technology for vision impaired people.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-236527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T10:45:58Z","timestamp":1706870758000},"page":"6235-6248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Raspberry Pi based OCR implementation in multi-line refreshable braille display device"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Kavitha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Avinashilingam Institute of Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Radha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Avinashilingam Institute of Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-236527_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701879","article-title":"The prevalence of low vision and blindness in Canada","volume":"20","author":"Maberley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-236527_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e888","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30293-0","article-title":"Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Bourne","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-236527_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e144","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30489-7","article-title":"Causes of blindness and vision impairment in and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"9","author":"Bourne Briant","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-236527_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-315678","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for visual impairment among elderly residents in \u201chomes for the aged\u201d in India: the Hyderabad Ocular Morbidity in Elderly Study (HOMES)","volume":"105","author":"Marmamula","year":"2021","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-236527_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2008.10.006","article-title":"Biography of louis braille and invention of the braille alphabet","volume":"54","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Survey of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-236527_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1109\/TOH.2020.2970929","article-title":"Design and validation of the readable device: a single-cell electromagnetic refreshable braille display","volume":"13","author":"Bettelani","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-236527_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.displa.2015.11.001","article-title":"An interactive and multi-functional refreshable Braille device for the visually impaired","volume":"41","author":"Bas\u00e7ift\u00e7i","year":"2016","journal-title":"Displays"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-236527_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2012.02.004","article-title":"A compact dielectric elastomer tubular actuator for refreshable Braille displays","volume":"179","author":"Chakraborti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors and Actuators A: Physical"},{"key":"10.3233\/JIFS-236527_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-3615-1_33","article-title":"Text detection based on text shape feature analysis with intelligent grouping in natural scene images,, Kharagpur, India, November 23\u201325","volume":"320","author":"Kavitha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mathematical Modeling and Computational Tools: ICACM 2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JIFS-236527_ref15","first-page":"1782","article-title":"TexNet: A Deep Convolutional Neural Network Model to Recognize Text in Natural Scene Images","volume":"16","author":"Kavitha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering Science and Technology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; 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