{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:23:31Z","timestamp":1777706611616,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cemented paste backfill (CPB), a mixture of wet tailings, binding agent, and water, proves cost-effective and environmentally beneficial. Determining the Young modulus during CPB mix design is crucial. Utilizing machine learning (ML) tools for Young modulus evaluation and prediction streamlines the CPB mix design process. This study employed six ML models, including three shallow models Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Gradient Boosting (GB), Random Forest (RF) and three hybrids Extreme Gradient Boosting-Particle Swarm Optimization (XGB-PSO), Gradient Boosting-Particle Swarm Optimization (GB-PSO), Random Forest-Particle Swarm Optimization (RF-PSO). The XGB-PSO hybrid model exhibited superior performance (coefficient of determination R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u200a=\u200a0.906, root mean square error RMSE\u200a=\u200a19.535 MPa, mean absolute error MAE\u200a=\u200a13.741 MPa) on the testing dataset. Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) values and Partial Dependence Plots (PDP) provided insights into component influences. Cement\/Tailings ratio emerged as the most crucial factor for enhancing Young modulus in CPB. Global interpretation using SHAP values identified six essential input variables: Cement\/Tailings, Curing age, Cc, solid content, Fe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    content, and SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    content.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-237539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T11:16:16Z","timestamp":1715080576000},"page":"273-290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developing interpretable machine learning model for evaluating young modulus of cemented paste backfill"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Quoc Trinh","family":"Ngo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Transport Technology, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linh Quy","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Transport Technology, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trung Hieu","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Transport Technology, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Long Khanh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Transport Technology, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Van Quan","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Transport Technology, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMM.246-247.566"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.2521"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Advances in reducing large volumes of environmentally harmful mine waste rocks and tailings","volume":"2","author":"Yilmaz E.","year":"2011","unstructured":"YilmazE., Advances in reducing large volumes of environmentally harmful mine waste rocks and tailings, Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi T. 27z. 2 (2011), 89\u2013112.","journal-title":"Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi T. 27"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.120013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112501"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","unstructured":"FallM. 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