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Firstly, by analyzing the mechanisms and effects of risk coupling in shallow-buried excavation construction of subway tunnels, this study divides the risk system into four risk subsystems (human, material, management, and environment), establishes an evaluation index system for the coupling of safety risks, calculates the comprehensive weight values of the risk indicators using the AHP-entropy weight method, and constructs a risk coupling degree model by combining the inverse cloud model and efficacy function. Subsequently, based on the principles of system dynamics, a causal relationship diagram and a system dynamics simulation model for the coupling of \u201chuman-material\u201d risks in construction are established using Vensim PLE software. Finally, the case study of the underground excavation section of Chengdu Metro Line 2 is employed to perform dynamic simulation using the established model. By adjusting the relevant risk coupling coefficients and simulation duration, the impact of the coupling of various risk factors on the safety risk level of the human-material coupling system is observed. The simulation results demonstrate that: 1) Heterogeneous coupling of human and material risks has a particularly significant effect on the system\u2019s safety risks; 2) Violations by personnel and initial support structure defects are key risk coupling factors. The findings of this study provide new insights for decision-makers to assess the safety risk of shallow-buried excavation construction in subway tunnel.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-239674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T11:16:53Z","timestamp":1715080613000},"page":"495-511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Coupled analysis and simulation of safety risk in subway tunnel construction by shallow-buried excavation method based on system dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Hongliang","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"},{"name":"BIM Engineering Center of HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}]},{"given":"Zhaoliang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}]},{"given":"Zirui","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2016.05.001"},{"issue":"05","key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Outline of tunnel construction by means of method of undercutting with shallow overburden","volume":"26","author":"Wang M.S.","year":"2006","unstructured":"WangM.S., Outline of tunnel construction by means of method of undercutting with shallow overburden, Tunnel Construction26(05) (2006), 1\u20134.","journal-title":"Tunnel Construction"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk control and management of subway engineering construction","volume":"40","author":"Cui J.J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"CuiJ.J.CuiX.Q., Risk control and management of subway engineering construction, Construction Technology40(10) (2011), 1\u20139.","journal-title":"Construction Technology"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"On safety risk management in shallow tunneling method metro tunnel building","volume":"33","author":"Dong Y.Z.","year":"2014","unstructured":"DongY.Z.XiaoY.WangT., On safety risk management in shallow tunneling method metro tunnel building, Value Engineering33(21) (2014), 126\u2013128.","journal-title":"Value Engineering"},{"issue":"02","key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Vulnerability analysis of the subway construction safety system with coupled multiple risk factors","volume":"55","author":"Hou G.Y.","year":"2022","unstructured":"HouG.Y.LiuW.LiL., et al., Vulnerability analysis of the subway construction safety system with coupled multiple risk factors, China Civil Engineering Journal55(02) (2022), 111\u2013119.","journal-title":"China Civil Engineering Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S1062739148020037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12205-014-0023-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su13179632"},{"issue":"06","key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Risk assessment and risk control measures of tunnel construction techniques","volume":"60","author":"Wang Y.Q.","year":"2015","unstructured":"WangY.Q.LiJ.WangJ.B., et al., Risk assessment and risk control measures of tunnel construction techniques, Highway60(06) (2015), 259\u2013263.","journal-title":"Highway"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0886-7798(96)00014-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Decision aids in tunneling","volume":"4","author":"Einstein H.H.","year":"1998","unstructured":"EinsteinH.H.XuS.GrassoP., et al., Decision aids in tunneling, World Tunneling4 (1998), 157\u2013159.","journal-title":"World Tunneling"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0886-7798(92)90040-O"},{"issue":"01","key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Risk management in rail transit construction","volume":"29","author":"Xie D.S.","year":"2012","unstructured":"XieD.S.QianQ.H.RongX.L., Risk management in rail transit construction, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management29(01) (2012), 61\u201367.","journal-title":"Journal of Civil Engineering and Management"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","unstructured":"ZhouL.G.WangH.X. 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