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Deep learning techniques, including U-Net and Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN), have shown promise in crack detection. However, they are sensitive to real-world environmental variations, impacting robustness and accuracy. This paper compares the performance of U-Net and FCN for concrete crack detection on bridges using raw images under various conditions. A dataset of 157 images (100 for training, 57 for testing) was used, and the models were evaluated based on Dice similarity coefficient and Jaccard index. FCN slightly outperformed U-Net in accuracy (94.88% vs. 94.21%), while U-Net had a slight advantage in validation (93.55% vs. 92.99%). These findings provide valuable insights for automated infrastructure maintenance and repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-239709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T11:16:46Z","timestamp":1715080606000},"page":"527-539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of U-Net and Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN) for concrete cracks detection using raw images under various conditions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"AL-Qadri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peiwei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Sinoroad Engineering Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lifeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Sinoroad Engineering Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Cen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2017.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2014.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2012.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","article-title":"Temperature effect on vibration properties of civil structures: A literature review and case studies","volume":"2","author":"Xia Y.","year":"2012","unstructured":"XiaY.ChenB.WengS.NiY.Q.XuY.L., Temperature effect on vibration properties of civil structures: A literature review and case studies, J. 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