{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:20:04Z","timestamp":1777890004100,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiagent and Grid Systems: An International Journal of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Churn handling has become an active area of research due to increased complexity, high dynamicity of participating nodes and its effect on the performance of overlay network. In this paper, we systematically analyse churn, its causes and implications along with churn handling strategies employed in various state of the art structured overlay network. These churn handling strategies are classified into two main categories based on addressing effects of churn: Churn Resilience and Dynamic repair strategies. These techniques are further classified into sub categories based on their inherent mechanism for addressing a particular concern. In addition, this paper pinpoints various concerns related to the future research for handling participant\u2019s churn.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/mgs-170274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]],"date-time":"2017-12-15T11:58:01Z","timestamp":1513339081000},"page":"331-351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Churn handling strategies for structured overlay networks: A survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ramanpreet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India"},{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amrit Lal","family":"Sangal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krishan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-MGS-170274","unstructured":"ZhaoB.Y. KubiatowiczJ. and JosephA.D., Tapestry: An infrastructure for fault-tolerant wide-area location and routing, Technical Report UCB\/\/CSD-01-1141, U C Berkeley (2001), 1\u201328."},{"key":"bibr2-MGS-170274","unstructured":"KimG., Spectrum Future, Accessed 4 April 2017, https:\/\/spectrumfutures.org\/5g-requires-virtualization-of-network-core-and-edge\/."},{"key":"bibr3-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhaoB.Y. KubiatowiczJ. and JosephA.D., Tapestry: An infrastructure for fault-tolerant wide-area location and routing, U C Berkeley, Technical Report (2001), 1\u201328.","DOI":"10.1145\/510726.510755"},{"key":"bibr4-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RowstronA. and DruschelP., Pastry: Scalable, decentralized object location, and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems, in: IFIP\/ACM International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms and Open Distributed Processing, Springer (2001), 329\u2013350.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45518-3_18"},{"key":"bibr5-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2002.808407"},{"key":"bibr6-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45172-3_9"},{"key":"bibr7-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCGRID.2003.1199386"},{"key":"bibr8-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/945721.945729"},{"key":"bibr9-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-37795-6_19"},{"key":"bibr10-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GhodsiA. AlimaL.O. and HaridiS., Low-bandwidth topology maintenance for robustness in structured overlay networks, in: Proceedings of the IEEE 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, IEEE (2005), 302a-312a.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2005.394"},{"key":"bibr11-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2005.10.002"},{"key":"bibr12-MGS-170274","first-page":"132","author":"Porter B.","year":"2006","journal-title":"25th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems"},{"key":"bibr13-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GhinitaG. and TeoY.M., An adaptive stabilization framework for distributed hash tables, in: IEEE 20th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, IEEE (2006), 10\u201320.","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPS.2006.1639269"},{"key":"bibr14-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KrishnamurthyS. El-AnsaryS. AurellE. and HaridiS., Comparing maintenance strategies for overlays, in: The 16th IEEE Euro Micro Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing, IEEE (2008), 473\u2013482.","DOI":"10.1109\/PDP.2008.18"},{"key":"bibr15-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1824795.1824800"},{"key":"bibr16-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2005.1610546"},{"key":"bibr17-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2015.04.014"},{"key":"bibr18-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-36532-X_4"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr19-MGS-170274","first-page":"19","volume":"1","author":"Saroliya A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology"},{"key":"bibr20-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DingJ. BalasinghamI. and BouvryP., Management of overlay networks: A survey, in: Third International Conference on Mobile Ubiquitous Computing, Systems, Services and Technologies, IEEE (2009), 249\u2013255.","DOI":"10.1109\/UBICOMM.2009.49"},{"key":"bibr21-MGS-170274","unstructured":"PathanA.M.K. and BuyyaR., A taxonomy and survey of content delivery networks, Grid Computing and Distributed Systems Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Technical Report (2007), 4\u201348."},{"key":"bibr22-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1107458.1107462"},{"key":"bibr23-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-007-0006-y"},{"key":"bibr24-MGS-170274","first-page":"310","author":"Chu J.C.","year":"2002","journal-title":"ITCom: The Convergence of Information Technologies and Communications"},{"key":"bibr25-MGS-170274","first-page":"256","author":"Bhagwan R.","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems II"},{"key":"bibr26-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/974036.974039"},{"key":"bibr27-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CastroM. CostaM. and RowstronA., Performance and dependability of structured peer-to-peer overlays, in: IEEE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, IEEE (2004), 9\u201318.","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2004.1311872"},{"key":"bibr28-MGS-170274","unstructured":"GuhaS. DaswaniN. and JainR., An experimental study of the Skype peer-to-peer voip system, in: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems (IPTPS \u201906), ACM (2006), 1\u20136."},{"key":"bibr29-MGS-170274","unstructured":"MickensJ.W. and NobleB.D., Exploiting availability prediction in distributed systems, in: Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Networked Systems Design & Implementation, ACM (2006), 6\u20136."},{"key":"bibr30-MGS-170274","first-page":"276","author":"Javadi B.","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE International Symposium on Modelling, Analysis & Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems"},{"key":"bibr31-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LingaP. GuptaI. and BirmanK., A churn-resistant peer-to-peer web caching system, in: Proceedings of the ACM workshop on Survivable and Self-regenerative Systems: In association with the 10th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, ACM (2003), 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1145\/1036921.1036922"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr32-MGS-170274","first-page":"156","volume":"4673","author":"Saroiu S.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Electronic Imaging International Society for Optics and Photonics"},{"key":"bibr33-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"StutzbachD. and RejaieR., Understanding churn in peer-to-peer networks, in: Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement, ACM (2006), 189\u2013202.","DOI":"10.1145\/1177080.1177105"},{"key":"bibr34-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le BlondS. FessantF.L. and MerrerE.L., Finding good partners in availability-aware P2P Networks, Anglais, Technical Report (2009), 472\u2013484.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-05118-0_33"},{"key":"bibr35-MGS-170274","first-page":"111","author":"Pace A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems"},{"key":"bibr36-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SongG. KimS. and SeoD., Replica placement algorithm for highly available peer-to-peer storage systems, in: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Advances in P2P Systems (AP2PS), ACM (2009), 160\u2013167.","DOI":"10.1109\/AP2PS.2009.33"},{"key":"bibr37-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MonneratL.R. and AmorimC.L., D1HT: A distributed one hop hash table, in: 20th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, IEEE (2006), 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPS.2006.1639278"},{"key":"bibr38-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RatnasamyS. FrancisP. HandleyM. KarpR. and ShenkerS., A scalable content-addressable network, in: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 31(4) (2001), 161\u2013172.","DOI":"10.1145\/964723.383072"},{"key":"bibr39-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GummadiK. GummadiR. GribbleS. RatnasamyS. ShenkerS. and StoicaI., The impact of DHT routing geometry on resilience and proximity, in: Proceedings of the Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communications, ACM (2003), 381\u2013394.","DOI":"10.1145\/863955.863998"},{"key":"bibr40-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LoguinovD. KumarA. RaiV. and GaneshS., Graph-theoretic analysis of structured peer-to-peer systems: Routing distances and fault resilience, in: Proceedings of the conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communications, ACM (2003), 395\u2013406.","DOI":"10.1145\/863955.863999"},{"key":"bibr41-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45748-8_5"},{"key":"bibr42-MGS-170274","first-page":"264","author":"Chun B.G.","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems"},{"key":"bibr43-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MankuG.S. NaorM. and WiederU., Know the neighbour\u2019s neighbour: The power of look ahead in randomized P2P networks, in: Proceedings of the Thirty-sixth Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM (2004), 54\u201363.","DOI":"10.1145\/1007352.1007368"},{"key":"bibr44-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GodfreyP. ShenkerS. and StoicaI., Minimizing churn in distributed systems, in: Proceedings of the Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communications, ACM (2006), 147\u2013158.","DOI":"10.1145\/1159913.1159931"},{"key":"bibr45-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liben-NowellD. BalakrishnanH. and KargerD., Analysis of the evolution of peer-to-peer systems, in: Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, ACM (2002), 233\u2013242.","DOI":"10.1145\/571825.571863"},{"key":"bibr46-MGS-170274","unstructured":"LiJ. StriblingJ. MorrisR. and KaashoekM.F., Bandwidth-efficient management of DHT routing tables, in: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation, ACM (2005), 99\u2013114."},{"key":"bibr47-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/885651.781042"},{"key":"bibr48-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2012.11.001"},{"key":"bibr49-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.1152"},{"key":"bibr50-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HildrumK. KubiatowiczJ.D. RaoS. and ZhaoB.Y., Distributed object location in a dynamic network, in: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures, ACM (2002), 41\u201352.","DOI":"10.1145\/564870.564877"},{"key":"bibr51-MGS-170274","unstructured":"RheaS. GeelsD. RoscoeT. and KubiatowiczJ., Handling churn in a DHT, in: Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (2004), 127\u2013140."},{"key":"bibr52-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45748-8_26"},{"key":"bibr53-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2007.903986"},{"key":"bibr54-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45748-8_25"},{"key":"bibr55-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SrivatsaM. and LiuL., Vulnerabilities and security threats in structured overlay networks: A quantitative analysis, in: 20th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, IEEE (2004), 252\u2013261.","DOI":"10.1109\/CSAC.2004.50"},{"key":"bibr56-MGS-170274","unstructured":"PretreB., Attacks on peer-to-peer networks, Department of Computer Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 2005."},{"key":"bibr57-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-89828-5_9"},{"key":"bibr58-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00446-010-0099-z"},{"key":"bibr59-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30186-8_23"},{"key":"bibr60-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2010.08.007"},{"key":"bibr61-MGS-170274","unstructured":"YangB.B. and Garcia-MolinaH., Designing a super-peer network, in: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering, IEEE (2003), 49\u201360."},{"key":"bibr62-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garces-EriceL. BiersackE.W. RossK.W. FelberP.A. and Urvoy-KellerG., Hierarchical peer-to-peer systems, Parallel Processing Letters 13(4) (2003), 643\u2013657.","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129626403001574"},{"key":"bibr63-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NejdlW. WolpersM. SiberskiW. SchmitzC. SchlosserM. BrunkhorstI. and L\u00f6serA., Super-peer-based routing and clustering strategies for RDF-based peer-to-peer networks, in: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on World Wide Web, ACM (2003), 536\u2013543.","DOI":"10.1145\/775152.775229"},{"key":"bibr64-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SachaJ. DowlingJ. CunninghamR. and MeierR., Discovery of stable peers in a self-organising peer-to-peer gradient topology, in: IFIP International Conference on Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems, Springer (2006), 70\u201383.","DOI":"10.1007\/11773887_6"},{"key":"bibr65-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z\u00f6lsS. Hofst\u00e4tterQ. DespotovicZ. and KellererW., Achieving and maintaining cost-optimal operation of a hierarchical DHT system, in: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE (2009), 2194\u20132199.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2009.5198690"},{"key":"bibr66-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-015-0340-4"},{"key":"bibr67-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-013-0200-z"},{"key":"bibr68-MGS-170274","first-page":"881","author":"Koskela T.","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr69-MGS-170274","first-page":"41","volume":"85","author":"Mariela J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computer Communications"},{"key":"bibr70-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GanesanP. GummadiK. and Garcia-MolinaH., Canon in G major: Designing DHTs with hierarchical structure, in: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, IEEE (2004), 263\u2013272.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2004.1281591"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr71-MGS-170274","first-page":"10","volume":"5","author":"Freedman M.J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"WORLDS"},{"key":"bibr72-MGS-170274","unstructured":"GhodsiA., Distributed k-ary system: Algorithms for distributed hash tables, Doctoral Dissertation, The Royal Institute of Technology, 2006."},{"key":"bibr73-MGS-170274","unstructured":"ShafaatT.M., Partition tolerance and data consistency in structured overlay networks, Doctoral Dissertation, KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology, 2013."},{"key":"bibr74-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PaulR.R. RoyP.V. and VlassovV., Interaction between network partitioning and churn in a self-healing structured overlay network, in: 21st International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS), IEEE (2015), 232\u2013241.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPADS.2015.37"},{"key":"bibr75-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jestch.2016.06.015"},{"key":"bibr76-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KaurR. SangalA.L. and KumarK., Performance analysis of predictive stabilization for churn handling in structured overlay networks, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Big Data and Advanced Wireless Technologies, ACM (2016), 39\u201345.","DOI":"10.1145\/3010089.3010124"},{"key":"bibr77-MGS-170274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5191405"}],"container-title":["Multiagent and Grid Systems: An International Journal of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/MGS-170274","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/MGS-170274","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/MGS-170274","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:26:18Z","timestamp":1777613178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/MGS-170274"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/MGS-170274"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/mgs-170274","relation":{},"ISSN":["1574-1702","1875-9076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1574-1702","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-9076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}}}