{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:53:43Z","timestamp":1777888423108,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of RF Technologies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a path determination method for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)\n                    equipped with a radio frequency identification (RFID) interrogation system. UAV\n                    path design is one of the main factors influencing the cost of UAV inventory\n                    management systems. A case study for using a path-optimized UAV-RFID system is\n                    presented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this case study the RFID-UAV travels above the pastures of an extensive cattle\n                    ranch scanning the RFID tags attached to the cattle in order to detect their\n                    locations. Since the UAV battery limits the flight time, the UAV path must be\n                    segmented and landing locations for recharging or battery replacement must be\n                    determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Scanning a cattle RFID tag requires the UAV to fly within a certain distance from\n                    the animal, as opposed to approaching the animal\u2019s exact location. The reading\n                    distance (RD) of the RFID equipment determines the allowable distance. We use an\n                    easy-to-explain method to determine the UAV path. We generate a RD-based\n                    hexagonal tiling of the pasture and minimize the UAV path such that it visits\n                    all the tile center points. Based on the current UAV system configuration and\n                    environmental conditions, the optimal UAV tour allows for the scan of each\n                    pasture segment\u2019s animals to be completed within the battery-limited flight\n                    time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A case study was performed at the California Polytechnic (Cal Poly) State\n                    University\u2019s Escuela and Walters Ranches. The RFID-UAV system solution is\n                    estimated to be 62%faster than the current cattle scanning practice, which\n                    requires ranch employees to search for and scan each animal from close\n                    proximity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/rft-180163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T15:06:03Z","timestamp":1608649563000},"page":"127-141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Optimizing a RFID-UAV cattle search tour"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tali","family":"Freed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA,\r                        USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria C.","family":"Carson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA,\r                        USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth H.","family":"Doerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenneth H. Doerr, Naval Postgraduate School,\r                        1 University Circle, Monterey, CA,\r                        USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13675-015-0053-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(90)90076-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/ijoc.2013.0574"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"SARFID on drone: drone-based UHF-RFID\n                        tag localization","author":"Buffi, A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Buffi,A., Nepa,P., Cioni,R. (2017). SARFID on drone: drone-based UHF-RFID tag localization. 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Proceedings of the 2018 Western Regional Meeting of the Society of Petrolium Engineers.","DOI":"10.2118\/190014-MS"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2013.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.45.4.568"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_1","unstructured":"Gerrish J. (2015). Management-intensive grazing-the grass roots of grass farming. 12th Ed."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-39934-8_16"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/net.21525"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1153-7_1068"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_1","unstructured":"Hubbard B. Wang H. Leasure M. Ropp T. Lofton T. Hubbard S. Lin S. (2015). Feasibility study of UAV use for RFID material tracking on construction sites. Proceedings of 51st Associated Schools of Construction Annual International conference."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ong J.H. Sanchez A. Williams J. (2007). Multi-UAV system for inventory automation. 1st Annual RFID Eurasia Conference. IEEE Xplore.","DOI":"10.1109\/RFIDEURASIA.2007.4368142"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.27465"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_1","unstructured":"RFID Journal - Ask The Experts Forum. Which Active RFID System Is Best for Tracking Livestock in Real Time? Web. 06 Mar. 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shuttleworth R. Golden B.L. Smith S. Wasil E.A. (2008). Advances in meter reading: heuristic solution of the close enough traveling salesman problem over a street network. In: Golden B.L. Raghavan S. &Wasil E.A. (Eds.) The vehicle routing problem: latest advances and new challenges. 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