{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:55:18Z","timestamp":1777888518291,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of RF Technologies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, an innovative passive Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology, namely Wiliot technology, has emerged as an alternative to passive UHF RFID. This paper proposes an experimental campaign aimed at measuring and evaluating the performance of Wiliot technology, when applied to typical use cases of passive UHF RFID technology. In particular, 9 laboratory tests were conducted to assess read distances, temperature tests, inventory accuracy, and tracking. The results provide interesting feedback, especially regarding reading distances, inventory accuracy, and temperature, suggesting that Wiliot technology could be successfully utilized in these use cases. The tracking tests, however, revealed some limitations, primarily due to the requirement for the tag to remain stationary in front of the bridge for at least 10\u201315\u00a0seconds to obtain consistent results. Although the number of tests conducted is limited, they represent a first experience with the targeted technology, and the results can be useful to both researchers and practitioners. The former can find suggestions for further tests to enhance the technology and its potential use in real operating environments, while the latter can derive suggestions for possible practical implementations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/rft-240050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T10:28:31Z","timestamp":1727432911000},"page":"125-144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Innovative passive BLE technology as an alternative to UHF RFID: Preliminary lab performance test results for main use cases"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Bottani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for Industrial Systems and Technologies (DEIST), University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Casella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for Industrial Systems and Technologies (DEIST), University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Palmisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for Industrial Systems and Technologies (DEIST), University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Rizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for Industrial Systems and Technologies (DEIST), University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Romagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for Industrial Systems and Technologies (DEIST), University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Torreggiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murata ID Solutions, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3074339"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2016.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RFT-190174"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RFT-230060"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_1","unstructured":"cnx-software.(2022). Retrieved from Wiliot Starter Kit for retailers features a smart coffee cup tracking temperature fill level location etc. . .: https:\/\/www.cnx-software.com\/2022\/01\/19\/wiliot-starterkit-for-retailers-features-a-smart-coffee-cup-tracking-temperature-fill-level-location-etc\/ accessed on 07\/06\/2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_1","first-page":"7","author":"Esposito E.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Esposito E., Romagnoli G., Sandri S., Villani L. (2015). Deploying RFID in the fashion and apparel sector: An \u201cin the field\u201d analysis to understand where the technology is going to. In Proceedings of the Summer School Francesco Turco(Vol. 2015, pp. 7\u201315). 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Retrieved from Bluetooth low energy devices market volume worldwide 2013\u20132020: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/750569\/worldwide-bluetooth-low-energydevice-market-volume\/, accessed on 07\/06\/2024.","journal-title":"Retrieved from Bluetooth low energy devices market volume worldwide 2013\u20132020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/531364"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2009.2018434"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RFT-171655"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app10103623"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RFT-230004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23073372"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_1","unstructured":"RFID Journal. (2023 Maj 24). Retrieved from Understanding Wiliot Tags and Bluetooth Infrastructure: https:\/\/www.rfidjournal.com\/rfid-video\/understanding-wiliot-tags-and-bluetooth-infrastructure accessed on 01\/06\/2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30630\/joiv.6.3.1231"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_1","article-title":"Wiliot Offers Humidity Sensing with Ambient IoT","author":"Swedberg C.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Swedberg C. (2023). Wiliot Offers Humidity Sensing with Ambient IoT. RFID Journal. doi: https:\/\/www.rfidjournal.com\/wiliot-offers-humidity-sensing-with-ambient-iot, accessed on 01\/06\/2024.","journal-title":"RFID Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RFT-221505"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_1","unstructured":"TheExpressWire. (2022 November). Digital Journal. Retrieved from Global Bluetooth Low Energy IC Market Growing at CAGR 29.68% (Expected to Reach USD 2590.62 Mn) During Forecast Period 2022-2027: https:\/\/www.digitaljournal.com\/pr\/global-bluetooth-low-energy-ic-market-growingat-cagr-29-68-expected-to-reach-usd-2590-62-mn-during-forecast-period-2022-2027 accessed on 01\/06\/2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17122898"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2991561.2991565"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_1","unstructured":"Wiliot. (2022). Wiliot. Retrieved from RFID vs Bluetooth tags: https:\/\/www.wiliot.com\/rfid-vs-bluetoothtags accessed on 07\/05\/2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_1","unstructured":"Wiliot. (2023). Wiliot. Retrieved from How are Wiliot\u2019s Battery-Free IoT Pixels different?: https:\/\/www.wiliot.com\/product\/iot-pixels#:\u223c:text=Battery%2DFree%20IoT%20Pixels%20are infrastructure%20for%20harvesting%20and%20reading accessed on 07\/05\/2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_1","unstructured":"Wiliot. (2023). Wiliot. Retrieved from The Wiliot Vision: https:\/\/support.wiliot.com\/hc\/enus\/articles\/360059009614-The-Wiliot-Vision accessed on 07\/05\/2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2011.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jengtecman.2011.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fufo.2022.100198"}],"container-title":["International Journal of RF Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/RFT-240050","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/RFT-240050","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/RFT-240050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:44:55Z","timestamp":1777610695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/RFT-240050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/RFT-240050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/rft-240050","relation":{},"ISSN":["1754-5730","1754-5749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1754-5730","type":"print"},{"value":"1754-5749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]}}}