{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T04:04:31Z","timestamp":1747454671166,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IOS Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781643685960","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the past few years, discriminative and generative large language models (LLMs) have emerged as the predominant approaches in natural language processing. However, despite significant advancements, there remains a gap in comparing the performance of discriminative and generative LLMs in cross-lingual biomedical concept normalization. In this paper, we perform a comparative study across several LLMs on the challenging task of cross-lingual biomedical concept normalization via dense retrieval. We utilize the XL-BEL dataset covering 10 languages to evaluate the model\u2019s capacity to generalize across various linguistic contexts without further adaptation. The experimental findings demonstrate that e5, a discriminative model, exhibited superior performance, whereas BioMistral emerged as the top-performing generative LLM. The code for reproducing the experiments is available at: https:\/\/github.com\/hrouhizadeh\/zsh_cl_bcn.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/shti250467","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T08:57:45Z","timestamp":1747385865000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Biomedical Concept Normalization via Large Language Models"],"prefix":"10.3233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6496-6766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hossein","family":"Rouhizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3309-6128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Yazdani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4439-8212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boya","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6238-4503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas","family":"Teodoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7437","container-title":["Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","Intelligent Health Systems \u2013 From Technology to Data and Knowledge"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/pdf\/doi\/10.3233\/SHTI250467","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T08:57:46Z","timestamp":1747385866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/doi\/10.3233\/SHTI250467"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"ISBN":["9781643685960"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/shti250467","relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-9630","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-8365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]}}}