{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T04:13:24Z","timestamp":1781842404773,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IOS Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781643685960","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant popularity among healthcare professionals as tools for AI-driven interactions. These models can analyze large volumes of clinical data, including patient narratives, to assist in efficient decision-making. In this paper, we aim to evaluate how the use of a syntactic validator combined with an LLM can improve the accuracy of generating FHIR resources from natural language sentences. We compared zero-shot, one-shot, and few-shot prompting methods. The process involves a validator component that iteratively assesses whether the output of the LLM adheres to the syntactic requirements specified by FHIR before returning the final response to the user. One-shot and few-shot prompting methods generated 96% of syntactic validity, while it was 90% for the zero-shot strategy. According to the semantic analysis, one-shot prompting achieved the highest number of correct comparisons between the generated JSON and ground truth resource, with 25.82 comparisons per FHIR resource. This was followed by the few-shot strategy, with 25.50 correct comparisons per FHIR resource, and the zero-shot prompting approach, with 15.21 correct comparisons per FHIR resource.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/shti250470","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T08:57:46Z","timestamp":1747385866000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assessing the Potential of an LLM-Powered System for Enhancing FHIR Resource Validation"],"prefix":"10.3233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6228-8711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parinaz","family":"Tabari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, University of Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3567-1504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Piscitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, University of Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3816-7765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gennaro","family":"Costagliola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, University of Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6922-5529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"de Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, University of Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7437","container-title":["Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","Intelligent Health Systems \u2013 From Technology to Data and Knowledge"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/pdf\/doi\/10.3233\/SHTI250470","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T08:57:46Z","timestamp":1747385866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/doi\/10.3233\/SHTI250470"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"ISBN":["9781643685960"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/shti250470","relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-9630","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-8365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]}}}