{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T01:04:07Z","timestamp":1755219847771,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IOS Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781643686080","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the process of patient diagnosis, non-invasive measurements are widely used due to their low risks and quick results. Electrocardiogram (ECG), as a non-invasive method to collect heart activities, is used to diagnose cardiac conditions. Analyzing the ECG typically requires domain expertise, which is a roadblock to applying artificial intelligence (AI) for healthcare. Through advances in self-supervised learning and foundation models, AI systems can now acquire and leverage domain knowledge without relying solely on human expertise. However, there is a lack of comprehensive analyses over the foundation models\u2019 performance on ECG. This study aims to answer the research question: \u201cAre Foundation Models Useful for ECG Analysis?\u201d To address it, we evaluate language \/ general time-series \/ ECG foundation models in comparison with time-series deep learning models. The experimental results show that general time-series \/ ECG foundation models achieve a top performance rate of 80%, indicating their effectiveness in ECG analysis. In-depth analyses and insights are provided along with comprehensive experimental results. This study highlights the limitations and potential of foundation models in advancing physiological waveform analysis. The code and data for this benchmark are publicly available at https:\/\/github.com\/yuhaoxu99\/ECGMultitasks-Benchmark.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/shti251036","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T11:38:53Z","timestamp":1754566733000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Electrocardiogram Multi-Task Benchmark with Comprehensive Evaluations and Insightful Findings"],"prefix":"10.3233","author":[{"given":"Yuhao","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Emory University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data Science, School of Nursing, Emory University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sirui","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Defu","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data Science, School of Nursing, Emory University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Emory University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7437","container-title":["Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","MEDINFO 2025 \u2014 Healthcare Smart \u00d7 Medicine Deep"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/pdf\/doi\/10.3233\/SHTI251036","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T11:38:53Z","timestamp":1754566733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/doi\/10.3233\/SHTI251036"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"ISBN":["9781643686080"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/shti251036","relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-9630","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-8365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]}}}