{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T01:03:46Z","timestamp":1755219826967,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IOS Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781643686080","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to compare the quality of 100 multiple-choice questions (MCQs), 50 generated by ChatGPT and 50 by experienced human educators, for nursing graduate exams. A panel of 25 international nursing educators evaluated the questions based on domains such as cognitive level, scenario relevance, distractor plausibility, bias, inclusivity, and alignment with Bloom\u2019s taxonomy using a 5-point Likert scale (0 = not at all reflective; 5 = fully reflective). The MCQs generated by ChatGPT were evaluated as higher in relevance and cognitive level and lower in bias and inclusivity than those generated by humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/shti251221","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T11:44:58Z","timestamp":1754567098000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ChatGPT Vs. Humans in Generating Nursing Graduate Exam Multiple Choice Questions \u2013 International Perspective Study"],"prefix":"10.3233","author":[{"given":"Nader","family":"Alnomasy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hail, School of Nursing, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiyoun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romeo Jr.","family":"Mostoles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hail, School of Nursing, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petelyne","family":"Pangket","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taif University, School of Nursing, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Habib","family":"Alrashedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hail, School of Nursing, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7437","container-title":["Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","MEDINFO 2025 \u2014 Healthcare Smart \u00d7 Medicine Deep"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/pdf\/doi\/10.3233\/SHTI251221","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T11:44:58Z","timestamp":1754567098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/doi\/10.3233\/SHTI251221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"ISBN":["9781643686080"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/shti251221","relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-9630","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-8365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]}}}