{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T01:04:10Z","timestamp":1755219850535,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IOS Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781643686080","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Trail Making Test is a key cognitive assessment for executive functions, yet a reliable electronic version tailored to Chinese-speaking populations is unavailable. This study develops an electronic TMT (eTMT) adapted for Chinese users, incorporating Chinese Zodiac symbols and characters to replace English letters, and evaluates its test-retest reliability. This pilot study introduces a culturally adapted eTMT for Chinese speakers. With 34 older adults, the eTMT showed strong test-retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 were reached near 0.7\u20130.8, p &lt; 0.000) and correlated (correlation coefficients near 0.5 to 0.7, p &lt; .000) well with the paper version. Unlike original pTMT, which only measure completion time, the eTMT also records response times, movement patterns, and error rates, providing a more comprehensive assessment of executive function. These additional data allow for more in-depth analysis, providing a comprehensive assessment of executive function that can be used by clinicians to inform and adjust individualized treatment plans and interventions. The eTMT digital format offers flexibility, eco-friendliness, and richer data, aligning well with sustainable practices in clinical, digital therapeutics, and community settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/shti251319","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T11:48:28Z","timestamp":1754567308000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Validation of a Chinese Electronic Trail Making Test for Executive Functions Evaluation: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1372-0168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I-Chun","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiun-You","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Chen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiao-Hsuan","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate institute of industrial engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7437","container-title":["Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","MEDINFO 2025 \u2014 Healthcare Smart \u00d7 Medicine Deep"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/pdf\/doi\/10.3233\/SHTI251319","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T11:48:28Z","timestamp":1754567308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/doi\/10.3233\/SHTI251319"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"ISBN":["9781643686080"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/shti251319","relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-9630","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-8365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]}}}