{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T23:09:35Z","timestamp":1779404975932,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IOS Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781643686615","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a scalable method to generate candidate concepts for ontology expansion. However, the outputs depend on LLMs\u2019 sampling parameters such as \u201ctemperature.\u201d A high temperature leads to increased hallucinations. We consider two hypotheses: (1) LLM outputs for higher temperatures should be supersets of corresponding outputs for lower temperatures; (2) Repeated LLM outputs for lower temperatures should converge to a steady state faster than for higher temperatures. A steady state is defined as k consecutive iterations with no new concepts generated (k-convergence). In this study, we analyzed Environmental Determinants of Health (EnDOH) concepts retrieved at sampling temperatures ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 using concept-structured prompting. Contrary to expectations, higher temperatures do not produce strict supersets of lower temperature outputs. To assess convergence towards a steady state we iteratively executed fixed prompts at different temperatures. Our results confirm that lower temperatures indeed lead to faster convergence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/shti260676","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T22:12:21Z","timestamp":1779401541000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Convergence to Steady State in LLM-Generated Ontological Concepts"],"prefix":"10.3233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0665-0801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naren","family":"Khatwani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0836-9190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lijing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9478-3303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shmuel T.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bar-Ilan University, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9120-525X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Geller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7437","container-title":["Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","Opening the Personal Gate between Technology and Health Care"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/pdf\/doi\/10.3233\/SHTI260676","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T22:12:22Z","timestamp":1779401542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/doi\/10.3233\/SHTI260676"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"ISBN":["9781643686615"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/shti260676","relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-9630","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-8365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]}}}