{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T18:51:50Z","timestamp":1770576710191,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SW"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]]},"DOI":"10.3233\/sw-140154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,19]],"date-time":"2015-06-19T07:56:49Z","timestamp":1434700609000},"page":"477-501","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Probabilistic Description Logics under the\u00a0distribution semantics"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Riguzzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy. E-mail:\u00a0fabrizio.riguzzi@unife.it"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Bellodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy. E-mails:\u00a0elena.bellodi@unife.it,\u00a0evelina.lamma@unife.it,\u00a0riccardo.zese@unife.it"}]},{"given":"Evelina","family":"Lamma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy. E-mails:\u00a0elena.bellodi@unife.it,\u00a0evelina.lamma@unife.it,\u00a0riccardo.zese@unife.it"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Zese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy. E-mails:\u00a0elena.bellodi@unife.it,\u00a0evelina.lamma@unife.it,\u00a0riccardo.zese@unife.it"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s10817-010-9181-2","article-title":"Automata-based axiom pinpointing","volume":"45","author":"Baader","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Automated Reasoning"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/exn058","article-title":"Axiom pinpointing in general tableaux","volume":"20","author":"Baader","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Logic and Computation"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref3","unstructured":"[3] F.\u00a0Baader, D.\u00a0Calvanese, D.L.\u00a0McGuinness, D.\u00a0Nardi and P.F.\u00a0Patel-Schneider, eds, The Description Logic Handbook: Theory, Implementation, and Applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2003."},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref4","unstructured":"[4] F.\u00a0Baader, R.\u00a0Pe\u00f1aloza and B.\u00a0Suntisrivaraporn, Pinpointing in the Description Logic EL+, in: Proc. of 30th Annual German Conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence, KI 2007, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany, September 10\u201313, 2007, J.\u00a0Hertzberg, M.\u00a0Beetz and R.\u00a0Englert, eds, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol.\u00a04667, Springer, Berlin, 2007, pp.\u00a052\u201367."},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[5] F.\u00a0Baader, I.\u00a0Horrocks and U.\u00a0Sattler, Description logics, in: Handbook of Knowledge Representation, Chap. 3, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2008, pp.\u00a0135\u2013179.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1574-6526(07)03003-9"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref6","unstructured":"[6] F.\u00a0Bacchus, Representing and Reasoning with Probabilistic Knowledge \u2013 A Logical Approach to Probabilities, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1990."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3233\/IA-2012-0027","article-title":"Experimentation of an Expectation Maximization algorithm for probabilistic logic programs","volume":"8","author":"Bellodi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intelligenza Artificiale"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3233\/IDA-130582","article-title":"Expectation maximization over binary decision diagrams for probabilistic logic programs","volume":"17","author":"Bellodi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Intelligent Data Analysis"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref9","unstructured":"[9] E.\u00a0Bellodi, E.\u00a0Lamma, F.\u00a0Riguzzi and S.\u00a0Albani, A distribution semantics for probabilistic ontologies, in: Proc. of the 7th International Workshop on Uncertainty Reasoning for the Semantic Web (URSW 2011), Bonn, Germany, October 23, 2011, F.\u00a0Bobillo, R.N.\u00a0Carvalho, P.C.G.\u00a0da\u00a0Costa, C.\u00a0d\u2019Amato, N.\u00a0Fanizzi, K.B.\u00a0Laskey, T.\u00a0Lukasiewicz, T.\u00a0Martin and M.\u00a0Nickles, eds, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol.\u00a0778, 2011, pp.\u00a075\u201386, CEUR-WS.org."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1109\/12.537122","article-title":"Improving the variable ordering of OBDDs is NP-complete","volume":"45","author":"Bollig","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computers"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref11","unstructured":"[11] R.N.\u00a0Carvalho, K.B.\u00a0Laskey and P.C.G.\u00a0da\u00a0Costa, PR-OWL 2.0 \u2013 Bridging the gap to OWL semantics, in: Proc. of the 6th International Workshop on Uncertainty Reasoning for the Semantic Web (URSW 2010), Shanghai, China, November 7, 2010, F.\u00a0Bobillo, R.N.\u00a0Carvalho, P.C.G.\u00a0da\u00a0Costa, C.\u00a0d\u2019Amato, N.\u00a0Fanizzi, K.B.\u00a0Laskey, K.J.\u00a0Laskey, T.\u00a0Lukasiewicz, T.\u00a0Martin, M.\u00a0Nickles and M.\u00a0Pool, eds, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol.\u00a0654, 2010, pp.\u00a073\u201384, CEUR-WS.org."},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2007.11.002","article-title":"On probabilistic inference by weighted model counting","volume":"172","author":"Chavira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[13] P.C.G.\u00a0da\u00a0Costa, K.B.\u00a0Laskey and K.J.\u00a0Laskey, PR-OWL: A Bayesian ontology language for the Semantic Web, in: Uncertainty Reasoning for the Semantic Web I, ISWC International Workshops, URSW 2005\u20132007, Revised Selected and Invited Papers, P.C.G.\u00a0da\u00a0Costa, C.\u00a0d\u2019Amato, N.\u00a0Fanizzi, K.B.\u00a0Laskey, K.J.\u00a0Laskey, T.\u00a0Lukasiewicz, M.\u00a0Nickles and M.\u00a0Pool, eds, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Vol.\u00a05327, Springer, Berlin, 2008, pp.\u00a088\u2013107.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89765-1_6"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[14] C.\u00a0d\u2019Amato, N.\u00a0Fanizzi and T.\u00a0Lukasiewicz, Tractable reasoning with Bayesian Description Logics, in: Proc. of the Second International Conference on Scalable Uncertainty Management, SUM 2008, Naples, Italy, October 1\u20133, 2008, S.\u00a0Greco and T.\u00a0Lukasiewicz, eds, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Vol.\u00a05291, Springer, Berlin, 2008, pp.\u00a0146\u2013159.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-87993-0_13"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.989","article-title":"A knowledge compilation map","volume":"17","author":"Darwiche","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref16","unstructured":"[16] L.\u00a0De\u00a0Raedt, B.\u00a0Demoen, D.\u00a0Fierens, B.\u00a0Gutmann, G.\u00a0Janssens, A.\u00a0Kimmig, N.\u00a0Landwehr, T.\u00a0Mantadelis, W.\u00a0Meert, R.\u00a0Rocha, V.\u00a0Santos Costa, I.\u00a0Thon and J.\u00a0Vennekens, Towards digesting the alphabet-soup of statistical relational learning, in: 1st Workshop on Probabilistic Programming: Universal Languages, Systems and Applications, NIPS*2008 Conference, Whistler, Canada, 2008, pp.\u00a01\u201314."},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref17","unstructured":"[17] Z.\u00a0Ding and Y.\u00a0Peng, A probabilistic extension to ontology language OWL, in: HICSS 2004 \u2013 Proc. of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Island of Hawaii, USA, January 5\u20138, 2004, IEEE Computer Society Press, Washington DC, USA, 2004, pp.\u00a01\u201310."},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref18","unstructured":"[18] R.\u00a0Giugno and T.\u00a0Lukasiewicz, P-SHOQ(D): A probabilistic extension of SHOQ(D) for probabilistic ontologies in the Semantic Web, in: Proc. of the European Conference on Logics in Artificial Intelligence, JELIA 2002, Cosenza, Italy, September, 23\u201326, S.\u00a0Flesca, S.\u00a0Greco, N.\u00a0Leone and G.\u00a0Ianni, eds, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Vol.\u00a02424, Springer, Berlin, 2002, pp.\u00a086\u201397."},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[19] G.\u00a0Gottlob, T.\u00a0Lukasiewicz and G.I.\u00a0Simari, Conjunctive query answering in probabilistic Datalog+\/\u2212 ontologies, in: Proc. of the 5th International Conference on Web Reasoning and Rule Systems \u2013 RR 2011, Galway, Ireland, August 29\u201330, 2011, S.\u00a0Rudolph and C.\u00a0Gutierrez, eds, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Vol.\u00a06902, Springer, Berlin, 2011, pp.\u00a077\u201392.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23580-1_7"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.1096","article-title":"Learning to order BDD variables in verification","volume":"18","author":"Grumberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(90)90019-V","article-title":"An analysis of first-order logics of probability","volume":"46","author":"Halpern","year":"1990","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[23] J.\u00a0Heinsohn, Probabilistic description logics, in: UAI\u201994: Proc. of the Tenth Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, R.\u00a0L\u00f3pez\u00a0de\u00a0M\u00e1ntaras and D.\u00a0Poole, eds, Seattle, Washington, USA, July 29\u201331, 1994, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA, 1994, pp.\u00a0311\u2013318.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-332-5.50044-4"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[24] M.\u00a0Jaeger, Probabilistic reasoning in terminological logics, in: Proc. of the 4th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR\u201994), Bonn, Germany, May 24\u201327, 1994, J.\u00a0Doyle, E.\u00a0Sandewall and P.\u00a0Torasso, eds, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA, 1994, pp.\u00a0305\u2013316.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4832-1452-8.50124-X"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0190(88)90065-8","article-title":"On generating all maximal independent sets","volume":"27","author":"Johnson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Information Processing Letters"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref26","unstructured":"[26] J.C.\u00a0Jung and C.\u00a0Lutz, Ontology-based access to probabilistic data with OWL QL, in: Proc. of the 11th International Semantic Web Conference on The Semantic Web \u2013 ISWC 2012, Part I, P.\u00a0Cudr\u00e9-Mauroux, J.\u00a0Heflin, E.\u00a0Sirin, T.\u00a0Tudorache, J.\u00a0Euzenat, M.\u00a0Hauswirth, J.\u00a0Xavier Parreira, J.\u00a0Hendler, G.\u00a0Schreiber, A.\u00a0Bernstein and E.\u00a0Blomqvist, eds, Boston, MA, USA, November 11\u201315, 2012, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Vol.\u00a07649, Springer, Berlin, 2012, pp.\u00a0182\u2013197."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2005.09.005","article-title":"Debugging unsatisfiable classes in OWL ontologies","volume":"3","author":"Kalyanpur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Web Semantics"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref30","unstructured":"[30] A.\u00a0Kalyanpur, B.\u00a0Parsia, M.\u00a0Horridge and E.\u00a0Sirin, Finding all justifications of OWL DL entailments, in: The Semantic Web, 6th International Semantic Web Conference, 2nd Asian Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2007 + ASWC 2007, Busan, Korea, November 11\u201315, 2007, K.\u00a0Aberer, K.\u00a0Choi, N.\u00a0Fridman Noy, D.\u00a0Allemang, K.\u00a0Lee, L.J.B.\u00a0Nixon, J.\u00a0Golbeck, P.\u00a0Mika, D.\u00a0Maynard, R.\u00a0Mizoguchi, G.\u00a0Schreiber and P.\u00a0Cudr\u00e9-Mauroux, eds, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Vol.\u00a04825, Springer, Berlin, 2007, pp.\u00a0267\u2013280."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1017\/S1471068410000566","article-title":"On the implementation of the probabilistic logic programming language ProbLog","volume":"11","author":"Kimmig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theory and Practice of Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref32","unstructured":"[32] P.\u00a0Klinov, Pronto: A non-monotonic probabilistic Description Logic reasoner, in: Proc. of the 5th European Semantic Web Conference on The Semantic Web: Research and Applications, ESWC 2008, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain, June 1\u20135, 2008, S.\u00a0Bechhofer, M.\u00a0Hauswirth, J.\u00a0Hoffmann and M.\u00a0Koubarakis, eds, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Vol.\u00a05021, Springer, Berlin, 2008, pp.\u00a0822\u2013826."},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref33","unstructured":"[33] P.\u00a0Klinov and B.\u00a0Parsia, Optimization and evaluation of reasoning in probabilistic Description Logic: Towards a systematic approach, in: Proc. of the 7th International Semantic Web Conference on The Semantic Web \u2013 ISWC 2008, Karlsruhe, Germany, October 26\u201330, 2008, A.P.\u00a0Sheth, S.\u00a0Staab, M.\u00a0Dean, M.\u00a0Paolucci, D.\u00a0Maynard, T.W.\u00a0Finin and K.\u00a0Thirunarayan, eds, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Vol.\u00a05318, Springer, Berlin, 2008, pp.\u00a0213\u2013228."},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref34","unstructured":"[34] P.\u00a0Klinov and B.\u00a0Parsia, A hybrid method for probabilistic satisfiability, in: Proc. of the 23rd International Conference on Automated Deduction \u2013 CADE-23, Wroclaw, Poland, July 31\u2013August 5, 2011, N.\u00a0Bj\u00f8rner and V.\u00a0Sofronie-Stokkermans, eds, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Vol.\u00a06803, Springer, Berlin, 2011, pp.\u00a0354\u2013368."},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref35","unstructured":"[35] D.\u00a0Koller, A.Y.\u00a0Levy and A.\u00a0Pfeffer, P-CLASSIC: A tractable probabilistic Description Logic, in: Proc. of the Fourteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Ninth Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, AAAI\u201997, Providence, Rhode Island, July 27\u201331, 1997, B.\u00a0Kuipers and B.L.\u00a0Webber, eds, AAAI Press\/The MIT Press, Menlo Park, CA, USA, 1997, pp.\u00a0390\u2013397."},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref36","unstructured":"[36] K.B.\u00a0Laskey and P.C.G.\u00a0da\u00a0Costa, Of starships and Klingons: Bayesian logic for the 23rd century, in: Proc. of the 21st Conference in Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, UAI\u201905, F.\u00a0Bacchus and T.\u00a0Jaakkola, eds, Edinburgh, Scotland, July 26\u201329, 2005, AUAI Press, Arlington, Virginia, 2005, pp.\u00a0346\u2013353."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01535841","article-title":"Another perspective on default reasoning","volume":"15","author":"Lehmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014445017537","article-title":"Probabilistic default reasoning with conditional constraints","volume":"34","author":"Lukasiewicz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2007.10.017","article-title":"Expressive probabilistic description logics","volume":"172","author":"Lukasiewicz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref40","unstructured":"[40] J.E.\u00a0Ochoa Luna, K.\u00a0Revoredo and F.\u00a0Gagliardi Cozman, Learning probabilistic Description Logics: A framework and algorithms, in: Proc. of the 10th Mexican International Conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence, MICAI 2011, Part I, Puebla, Mexico, November 26\u2013December 4, 2011, I.Z.\u00a0Batyrshin and G.\u00a0Sidorov, eds, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol.\u00a07094, Springer, Berlin, 2011, pp.\u00a028\u201339."},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref41","unstructured":"[41] C.\u00a0Lutz and L.\u00a0Schr\u00f6der, Probabilistic Description Logics for subjective uncertainty, in: Proc. of the Twelfth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, KR 2010, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May 9\u201313, 2010, F.\u00a0Lin, U.\u00a0Sattler and M.\u00a0Truszczynski, eds, AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, USA, 2010, pp.\u00a0393\u2013403."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(86)90031-7","article-title":"Probabilistic logic","volume":"28","author":"Nilsson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref44","unstructured":"[44] R.\u00a0Pe\u00f1aloza and B.\u00a0Sertkaya, Axiom pinpointing is hard, in: Proc. of the 22nd International Workshop on Description Logics (DL 2009), Oxford, UK, July 27\u201330, 2009, B.\u00a0Cuenca Grau, I.\u00a0Horrocks, B.\u00a0Motik and U.\u00a0Sattler, eds, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol.\u00a0477, 2009, pp.\u00a01\u201312, CEUR-WS.org."},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref45","unstructured":"[45] R.\u00a0Pe\u00f1aloza and B.\u00a0Sertkaya, Complexity of axiom pinpointing in the DL-Lite family, in: Proc. of the 23rd International Workshop on Description Logics (DL 2010), Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, May 4\u20137, 2010, V.\u00a0Haarslev, D.\u00a0Toman and G.E.\u00a0Weddell, eds, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol.\u00a0573, 2010, pp.\u00a01\u201312, CEUR-WS.org."},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref46","unstructured":"[46] R.\u00a0Pe\u00f1aloza and B.\u00a0Sertkaya, Complexity of axiom pinpointing in the DL-Lite family of Description Logics, in: Proc. of the 19th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2010, Lisbon, Portugal, August 16\u201320, 2010, H.\u00a0Coelho, R.\u00a0Studer and M.\u00a0Wooldridge, eds, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, Vol.\u00a0215, IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2010, pp.\u00a029\u201334."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90061-F","article-title":"Probabilistic horn abduction and Bayesian networks","volume":"64","author":"Poole","year":"1993","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(97)00027-1","article-title":"The Independent Choice Logic for modelling multiple agents under uncertainty","volume":"94","author":"Poole","year":"1997","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0743-1066(99)00071-0","article-title":"Abducing through negation as failure: stable models within the Independent Choice Logic","volume":"44","author":"Poole","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref50","unstructured":"[50] L.\u00a0De\u00a0Raedt, A.\u00a0Kimmig and H.\u00a0Toivonen, Problog: A probabilistic Prolog and its application in link discovery, in: Proc. of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 2007, Hyderabad, India, January 6\u201312, 2007, M.M.\u00a0Veloso, ed., Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA, 2007, pp.\u00a02462\u20132467."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0951-8320(02)00165-5","article-title":"A practical comparison of methods to assess sum-of-products","volume":"79","author":"Rauzy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reliability Engineering and System Safety"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(87)90062-2","article-title":"A theory of diagnosis from first principles","volume":"32","author":"Reiter","year":"1987","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[53] F.\u00a0Riguzzi, A top down interpreter for LPAD and CP-logic, in: Proc. of the 10th Congress of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence on Artificial Intelligence and Human-Oriented Computing, AI*IA 2007, Rome, Italy, September 10\u201313, 2007, R.\u00a0Basili and M.T.\u00a0Pazienza, eds, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Vol.\u00a04733, Springer, Berlin, 2007, pp.\u00a0109\u2013120.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74782-6_11"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1093\/jigpal\/jzp025","article-title":"Extended semantics and inference for the Independent Choice Logic","volume":"17","author":"Riguzzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Logic Journal of The IGPL"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3233\/FI-2013-847","article-title":"MCINTYRE: A Monte Carlo system for probabilistic logic programming","volume":"124","author":"Riguzzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fundamenta Informaticae"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/bxt096","article-title":"Speeding up inference for probabilistic logic programs","volume":"57","author":"Riguzzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Computer Journal"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref57","unstructured":"[57] F.\u00a0Riguzzi and T.\u00a0Swift, Tabling and answer subsumption for reasoning on logic programs with annotated disjunctions, in: Technical Communications of the 26th International Conference on Logic Programming, ICLP 2010, July 16\u201319, 2010, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, M.V.\u00a0Hermenegildo and T.\u00a0Schaub, eds, LIPIcs, Vol.\u00a07, Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Dagstuhl, Germany, 2010, pp.\u00a0162\u2013171."},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref60","unstructured":"[60] F.\u00a0Riguzzi, E.\u00a0Bellodi and E.\u00a0Lamma, Probabilistic Datalog +\/\u2212 under the distribution semantics, in: Proc. of the 2012 International Workshop on Description Logics, DL-2012, Rome, Italy, June 7\u201310, 2012, Y.\u00a0Kazakov, D.\u00a0Lembo and F.\u00a0Wolter, eds, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol.\u00a0846, 2012, pp.\u00a0519\u2013529, CEUR-WS.org."},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref61","unstructured":"[61] F.\u00a0Riguzzi, E.\u00a0Bellodi, E.\u00a0Lamma and R.\u00a0Zese, Epistemic and statistical probabilistic ontologies, in: Proc. of the 8th International Workshop on Uncertainty Reasoning for the Semantic Web (URSW), Boston, USA, November 11, 2012, F.\u00a0Bobillo, R.N.\u00a0Carvalho, P.C.G.\u00a0da\u00a0Costa, C.\u00a0d\u2019Amato, N.\u00a0Fanizzi, K.B.\u00a0Laskey, K.J.\u00a0Laskey, T.\u00a0Lukasiewicz, T.\u00a0Martin, M.\u00a0Nickles and M.\u00a0Pool, eds, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol.\u00a0900, 2012, pp.\u00a03\u201314, CEUR-WS.org."},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[62] F.\u00a0Riguzzi, E.\u00a0Bellodi, E.\u00a0Lamma and R.\u00a0Zese, BUNDLE: A reasoner for probabilistic ontologies, in: Proc. of the 7th International Conference on Web Reasoning and Rule Systems, RR 2013, W.\u00a0Faber and D.\u00a0Lembo, eds, Mannheim, Germany, July 27\u201329, 2013, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Vol.\u00a07994, Springer, Berlin, 2013, pp.\u00a0183\u2013197.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39666-3_14"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[63] F.\u00a0Riguzzi, E.\u00a0Bellodi, E.\u00a0Lamma and R.\u00a0Zese, Parameter learning for probabilistic ontologies, in: Proc. of the 7th International Conference on Web Reasoning and Rule Systems, RR 2013, Mannheim, Germany, July 27\u201329, 2013, W.\u00a0Faber and D.\u00a0Lembo, eds, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Vol.\u00a07994, Springer, Berlin, 2013, pp.\u00a0265\u2013270.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39666-3_26"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref64","unstructured":"[64] T.\u00a0Sang, P.\u00a0Beame and H.A.\u00a0Kautz, Performing bayesian inference by weighted model counting, in: Proc. of The Twentieth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence and the Seventeenth Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, July 9\u201313, 2005, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, M.M.\u00a0Veloso and S.\u00a0Kambhampati, eds, AAAI Press\/The MIT Press, Menlo Park, CA, USA, 2005, pp.\u00a0475\u2013482."},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[65] T.\u00a0Sato, A statistical learning method for logic programs with distribution semantics, in: Proc. of the Twelfth International Conference on Logic Programming, Tokyo, Japan, June 13\u201316, 1995, L.\u00a0Sterling, ed., MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1995, pp.\u00a0715\u2013729.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4298.003.0069"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.912","article-title":"Parameter learning of logic programs for symbolic-statistical modeling","volume":"15","author":"Sato","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref67","unstructured":"[67] S.\u00a0Schlobach and R.\u00a0Cornet, Non-standard reasoning services for the debugging of description logic terminologies, in: Proc. of the Eighteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI-03, Acapulco, Mexico, August 9\u201315, 2003, G.\u00a0Gottlob and T.\u00a0Walsh, eds, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA, 2003, pp.\u00a0355\u2013362."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(91)90078-X","article-title":"Attributive concept descriptions with complements","volume":"48","author":"Schmidt-Schau\u00df","year":"1991","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2007.03.004","article-title":"A practical OWL-DL reasoner","volume":"5","author":"Sirin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Web Semantics"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[70] S.\u00a0Toda, On the computational power of PP and +P, in: 30th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA, 30 October\u20131 November 1989, IEEE Computer Society Press, Washington DC, USA, 1989, pp.\u00a0514\u2013519.","DOI":"10.1109\/SFCS.1989.63527"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1137\/0208032","article-title":"The complexity of enumeration and reliability problems","volume":"8","author":"Valiant","year":"1979","journal-title":"SIAM Journal on Computing (SICOMP)"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref74","unstructured":"[74] J.\u00a0Vennekens, S.\u00a0Verbaeten and M.\u00a0Bruynooghe, Logic Programs with Annotated Disjunctions, in: Proc. of the 20th International Conference on Logic Programming, ICLP 2004, Saint-Malo, France, September 6\u201310, 2004, B.\u00a0Demoen and V.\u00a0Lifschitz, eds, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Vol.\u00a03132, Springer, Berlin, 2004."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/SW-140154_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1017\/S1471068409003767","article-title":"CP-logic: A language of causal probabilistic events and its relation to logic programming","volume":"9","author":"Vennekens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theory and Practice of Logic Programming"}],"container-title":["Semantic Web"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/SW-140154","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T11:02:06Z","timestamp":1756206126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/SW-140154"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Huddersfield, UK"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Lembo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapienza University of Rome, Italy"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/sw-140154","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-4968","1570-0844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-4968","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1570-0844","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]]}}}